classics test 1

Tivoli General

Rome, Italy, Republican period, idealism in roman period, ideas of fertility and wisdom, made to look older in face but younger body

Lefkandi Centaur

early iron age, eurboia, greece, clay, evidence of trade (maybe with egypt), new artistic style, found in tomb

Mantiklos Apollo

archaic period, eurboea, greece, bronze, asking for something in return, daedalic style, evocative of archaic structures, geometric

Daedalic Style

named for daedalus, based in crete, inspired by luxury crafts of near east - ivories, bronze, silver, gold, nude goddess, triangular, crimped hair

what is a votive sculpture

a sculpture dedicated to a god in a santuary

what is amazonomachy

scenes of battles between greeks and amazons

what is thought to be the cause of the stylistic change from the archaic period to the classical period?

victory in the persian wars

anthropromorphic images

means human-shaped, doesn’t mean likeliness or resemblance between image and person being represented

Quintus sulpicius maximus

12 year old prodigy (spoken word), comment in roman funerary monuments to speak to the passerby, flavian period

epiphaneia

a manifestation of a deity or visitation of a deity

bronze age (greece)

organized around palatial centers, traded with egypt, near east, etc. more advanced than greece

Mycenaen art

example of palatial systems, hunting and war motifs, named a lot of pieces off of characters from iliad

minoan art

“hippie” picking flowers, sometimes boxing motifs

cycladic figurines

bronze age, level of abstractness, bridge the ancient and modern art style

bronze age to iron age transition

palatial centers collapse, trade networks fall apart, art becomes simpler, writing is lost, only connect to neighbors

iron age

seems like “big man” society, bronze age ruins to connect to past, no longer palaces but the oikos (first family in community)

archaic period

forms polis (city state), specialized craft production on the rise, greece getting it’s shit back together

ethnos

common ethnic identity, sometimes godly

koina

political federations of ethne (people or nation)

egypt

perfected the art and stuck to the system, why a ton of evolution like greece

panhellenic santuaries (all of greece)

unified idea of greece identity

geometric bronzes from olympia

main form of sacrifice, cows/cattle, bronze cow is sacrifice forever to zeus

preferred medium in archaic period

specific stylistic choices, range of materials, sculpture of marble or limestone

classical period medium

hollow bronze casting, not good for preservation (melt down)

kouros statue

idealized statue of young male, clenched fist, hair, slender waist and hips, muscle (kritios boy ex of archaic to classical), armor like quality

kore/korai

young woman/maiden/unmarried, similar hairstyle to Kouros, often clothed, eastern aegean influence in the drapery ( ascending hair and fabric)

archaic smile

closed mouth smile, means person is alike → person/deity is alike

caryatid/atlas

“lady column” that holds up temples

doric columns

metopes (squares with stories like comics)

chryselephantine cult statue of zeus at olympia

pheidias, gold and ivory, doric temple with metopes, severe style, more rounded chin, classical period

constrapposto

classical period, more dynamic, relaxed styles, movement, weight shift

idealplastik

idealized hellenic classicism, smooth features, idealized musculature, Doryphoros

lysippos

visual tricks, smaller heads, torsion, slimmer bodies, extended limbs, propaganda for alexander, mass produced

classical period funerary statues

classical funerary stele characterized by families, domestic life, insights into private lives

identifiers for alexander portrait

straight nose, pouty lips, cowlick in center

Appendage aesthetic

head and body separate, mix and match ex tivoli general

verism

old face, aged face to look older than you are

colossus of rhodes

sun god helios, bronze and reinforced iron, fell from earthquake, left fallen, reused for scraps

colossus of nero

originally in nero’s palace, later near colosseum, built of himself after part of rome burned

colossus of constantine

acrolithic, hadrian curls and bend in the ear, reused things from good emperors to support his rule, bronze and marble

what was the subject of the colossal constantine statue before recutting, according to pollini?

emperor hadrian

what god is the naxian apollo thought to be

apollo, archaic, torso, left foot, left hands,

which herakles type was found at kleonai

herakles epitrapezios

what approach do sheedy and pike use to study the marble of the naxian statues

stable isotope analysis

acrolithic

a statue composed of a combination of materials like stone, wood, and bronze

herakles temple at kleonai

relaxed confidence, position of authority, herakles epitrapezios, club and lions skins, at the table

archaizing

making things look older to look more legitimate, make up precedent, aged to fit modern perception

ekphrasis

verbal representation of a visual representation, longer description like poem

kopienkritik

copy criticism, looking for slight variations and trying to understand the original form, hellenistic → lots of figurines with molds so lots of copies, roman period → lots of copies at all sizes