AP World History Unit 1 - Lesson 1.2

House of Wisdom

Intellectual center in Baghdad of the Abbasid Caliphate.

When did Muhammad die?

June 8th, 632

Abbasid Caliphate

Third caliphate succeeding prophet Muhammad, 750-1258.

Caliph

Islamic ruler who claims succession from the prophet Muhammad.

Mamluks

Slaves from Central Asia purchased by Arabs to serve as soldiers and bureaucrats.

Mamluk Sultanate

State of Egypt ruled by Arab slaves from 1250-1517.

Seljuk Empire

Large empire led by Turkish speaking Muslims, 1040-1157.

Sultan

Ruler of a Muslim country/empire.

Crusaders

European Christian soldiers organized to gain access to the holy lands of Jerusalem.

Mongols

Powerful conquers from Central Asia, forming the largest contiguous empire in history.

Baghdad

Capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, serving as a strong economic and cultural center.

Shariah

Islamic law

Importance of Islamic scholars

* Translated Greek books into Arabic, saving Greek thinkers works.
* Transferred and developed mathematical texts from India, and spread to Europe.
* Adapted Chinese paper making and spread it to Europe.

What does Dar al Islam refer to?

Land under Islamic control

Sufism

Mystical Islamic belief system that emphasizes the inward search for God and the purification of the soul.

People of the Book

Muslim tolerance for Christians and Jews as they see them as strays of God’s truth.

Hijab

Muslim practice of dressing modestly for women.

Islam conditions for slavery

No enslavement of Muslims or people of the book, and any slave who became Muslim would become free.

Battle of Tours

Rare loss for the Muslim armies, against the Frankish forces in 732, their expansion into Western Europe was limted.

Al Andalus

Islamic state of Spain

Cordoba

Capital of Spain under Muslim rule.