SUBJECT 3. (MOTORCYCLE PARTS, OPERATIONS, AND MOTOR VEHICLE PARTS)

Passenger Limit

The motorcycle driver or rider is allowed only one passenger. The rider and passenger must both wear a standard safety helmet.

Prohibition of Front Passenger

It is prohibited for a passenger to ride in front of the rider, as it may interfere with safe driving.

Top Box

Additional gear pouch placed at the back of the motorcycle, should not exceed two full-faced helmets, and custom-made top boxes must not exceed 2x2x2 ft and must be registered with LTO.

Saddle Bags/Boxes

Must not exceed 14 inches from the seat's side and should not extend past the length of the back of the motorcycle. Custom-made saddle bags/boxes must also be registered with LTO.

Riding with Children/Minors

Children under 18 years old cannot ride in areas with speed limits over 60 km/h or in high-traffic areas. Children can ride only if they can reach the foot pedal and hold onto the rider's waist, and they must wear a standard protective helmet.

Auxiliary Headlights

Must have a separate switch, should point to the ground, be white or yellow, should not be affected by vehicle vibrations, and should illuminate no more than 10 meters. Only two auxiliary headlights with up to six bulbs or LEDs are allowed. They should not replace main headlights.

Scooter

A fully automatic motorcycle with front brake lever, rear brake lever, and accelerator grip.

Underbone Type Motorcycle

Semi-automatic motorcycle with a rear wheel foot brake, right hand brake pedal, and foot gear shifter. If fully automatic, it operates like a scooter.

Backbone Type Motorcycle

A manually operated motorcycle with a clutch on the front left side, foot gear shifter, and rear wheel foot brake pedal.

Speedometer

Displays the current running speed of the motorcycle, varying by model.

Odometer

Shows the total distance the motorcycle has traveled.

Fuel Gauge

Displays the current fuel level in the motorcycle.

Engine Check

Indicates if there's a problem with the motorcycle's engine.

Turn Signal Indicator

Located on the dashboard to show when the motorcycle's turn signal is on.

High/Low Headlight Switch

Usually on the left side, controls the headlight brightness.

Turn Signal & Horn Switch

Typically on the left side of the handlebars for signaling and honking.

Starting Switch

Usually found on the right side of the motorcycle to start the engine.

Engine Kill Switch

Sometimes located on the right side, used to stop the engine in emergencies.

Choke Lever

Found on manual and semi-automatic motorcycles to reduce the air entering the engine, helping with starting the vehicle. It must be returned to its original position once the engine runs.

Drum Brakes

Older motorcycle models commonly use drum brakes, which are effective in wet conditions.

Disc Brakes

Newer motorcycles use disc brakes for stronger braking performance.

Chain Drive

The most common type of drive used in motorcycles, inexpensive and easy to maintain.

Belt Drive

Seen on backbone type motorcycles, more stable than chain drives but requires more space.

Propeller/Direct Drive

Rare, used in high-powered motorcycles, usually for professional racing.

Side Stand

Used for short stops, keeping the motorcycle upright temporarily.

Center Stand

Used when parking the motorcycle for an extended time to keep it steady.

Lights

Ensure all lights such as signal lights, headlights, and brake lights are working. Replace busted bulbs.

Drive Chain and Sprocket

Clean and oil every 600-1000 km to maintain smooth operation.

Brakes

Keep brake lines clean and leak-free. Ensure brake pads are in good condition and not too tight. Change brake fluid every 2 years.

Tires

Maintain correct tire pressure and check tire wear indicator regularly.

Engine Oil

Check for leaks. Change engine oil at intervals: 3000 km (regular), 6000 km (synthetic), 10000 km (fully synthetic).

Suspension

Keep front and rear suspension clean and check for damage.

Gas and Clutch Cables

Replace every 2 years or when they begin to show wear or separation.

Starting the Motorcycle

Ensure the side stand is up, use the key switch, and follow the correct starting procedure based on the motorcycle type (semi-automatic/manual).

Moving and Shifting

Check mirrors, disengage side stand, and roll on the throttle while shifting to the desired gear based on your clutch type.

Braking

Release throttle, and apply hand brake and pedal brake. For automatic, just hand brake.

Proper Hand Signals

Left lane change: arm straight; stopping: 90-degree arm down; right lane change: 90-degree arm up.

Overtaking and Lane Change

Signal intention, ensure sufficient speed, and follow rules of RA 4136. Avoid eye contact with drivers while overtaking.

Safety Tips

Focus on the road, avoid distractions, and always follow the right of way rules.

Changing Lanes Violations

Avoid lane changes without signaling, counterflowing, and overtaking in restricted zones or while turning.

Bad Habits to Avoid

Do not disregard yellow box rule, emergency vehicles, pedestrians, or traffic signals.

Loading Motorcycle

Ensure the load is properly secured, and the rider's weight is at least 1/3 of the motorcycle's weight. Advise passenger to stay safe and secure.

Unloading Motorcycle

Let the passenger dismount first, and avoid unloading on a downhill.

Common Loading Violations

Overloading, not securing cargo, allowing more than one passenger or improper use of footrests.

Parking

Avoid parking downhill, in restricted zones, or in areas not intended for motorcycles. Park in well-lit, safe areas.

Headlights

White or yellowish lights attached to the front left and right of the vehicle. Turned on from 30 minutes after sunset until 30 minutes before sunrise.

Signal Lights

Front and rear lights, usually yellow, amber, or orange, that indicate turning direction. Flash simultaneously when used as hazard warning lights.

Tail Lamps

Red lights at the rear of the vehicle. Brake light is brighter than the tail lamp and is activated when the brake is pressed.

Reverse Lights

White lights that light up when the vehicle is reversing. They cannot be lit when the vehicle is moving forward.

Plate Lamp

A white light used to illuminate the vehicle number plate.

Side Mirrors

Mirrors located on the right and left sides of the vehicle to aid in driving and parking.

Windshield

The large glass at the front of the vehicle.

Wipers

Devices used to clean the windshield and rear windshield in some vehicle models.

Engine Hood

A cover for the vehicle's engine, usually located at the front.

Luggage Compartment Hood

Cover for the vehicle's luggage compartment, often found at the back of the vehicle.

Fuel Tank Cap

Cover for the fuel tank to ensure it is securely closed and protected.

Underchassis

Parts of the vehicle seen under the vehicle or when the hood is raised, including the engine, transmission, linkages, and joints.

Rear Axle and Differential

Located under the vehicle, transmits engine power to the wheels.

Muffler and Silencer

Located under the vehicle to reduce noise emission. Removing them is prohibited due to noise pollution.

Tire Load and Pressure

Numbers on the tire indicating its maximum load capacity and air pressure.

Tire Type Code

Includes numbers like 225/50 R 17 98H, indicating tire width, aspect ratio, construction, diameter, and load index.

Steering Wheel

The wheel used by the driver to control the vehicle's direction, with controls for various functions.

Headlight and Wiper Switch

Switches located behind the steering wheel to control headlights and windshield wipers.

Ignition Switch

Used to start the vehicle. Older models use a key, while newer models use a fob to start the engine.

Gear Selector Lever

Used to select gears in manual or automatic vehicles. Manual cars require a clutch pedal.

Pedals

Clutch, brake, and accelerator pedals in manual or automatic vehicles.

Parking Brake Lever

Can be a hand-operated or foot-operated lever used to keep the vehicle stationary when parked.

Driver Control Console

Controls for door locks, window adjustments, and other features located near the driver.

Dashboard Instruments

Includes the tachometer, speedometer, fuel gauge, and radiator temperature gauge.

Warning Lights

Includes brake, airbag, oil, battery, ABS, seatbelt, coolant, and engine check warning lights.

Air-Conditioning Control

Controls for adjusting fan speed, temperature, and airflow in the vehicle.

Seat Belts

Safety feature that restrains passengers in case of sudden stops or accidents.

Airbags

Installed to protect passengers during a collision. Activated upon impact.

Window Lock

Prevents windows from being opened, especially useful for child passengers.

Head Restraints

Safety feature on car seats that reduces the risk of neck injuries during an accident.

Child Restraint

A required device under the law for securing children in the vehicle.

Child Lock

A safety feature to prevent children from opening the car doors while the vehicle is in motion.