World Final

What years did this time period occur?

1500–1700

Absolute rulers used this concept to justify their rule – saying God created them as a representative of Him on earth

Divine Right of Kings

What 4 European countries were famous for their implementation of absolutism during this time period?

Spain France Russia Prussia

Which 2 absolute rulers marriage united their country imposed religious unity through Catholicism and financed the adventures of Christopher Columbus

Ferdinand and Isabella

What was the Spanish/Holy Roman emperor name that ruled absolutely

Charles V

This absolute ruler was both king of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor he eventually gave up the throne because he felt the empire was too much to handle for 1 person

Charles V

This Spanish absolute monarch did the work as a king getting silver from the American colonies strengthening the Catholic Church and supporting the arts

Philip II

This English monarch who defeated the Spanish armada in naval battles

Queen Elizabeth I

What were French Protestants called

Huguenots

What was the massacre led by French Catholics against Protestants called

St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

What was the French family name who ruled absolutely

Bourbon

Who is the French King who converted to Catholicism to calm things down

Henry IV

What 1598 declaration granted French Protestants religious freedom

Edict of Nantes

What man treated French King Louis XIII as a puppet ruling through him and pushing forth his reforms

Cardinal Richelieu

King Louis XIV is famous for this saying

L’état c’est moi

What palace did Louis XIV build that became the center for French royalty and nobility

Versailles

What Austrian absolute monarch was not recognized by European leaders upon their father’s death but was able to persuade Hungary Britain and Russia to fight Frederick of Prussia

Maria Theresa

Who is the first absolute monarch of Prussia a new Protestant German speaking country trained in the art of war using their army to make Prussia recognized as a great power

Frederick the Great

What was Russia’s ruling family

Romanovs

Who was Russia’s first modern absolute ruler

Peter the Great

List 3 things Russia’s monarch did to Westernize the country

Modernized army forced Western dress improved education

In regards to Russia expanding boundaries what was Russia’s main goal

Warm water ports

What was the name of Russia’s new capital city

St Petersburg

How did Catherine the Great win the loyalty of the Russian people considering she was German

Supported nobles and expanded Russia

What country did Catherine the Great Frederick of Prussia and Joseph of Austria team up to go after and divide amongst themselves

Poland

Years it took place

1600s–1700s

It developed new ideas about what 2 things

Government and human nature

What country did it start in

France

Enlightenment thinkers were called

Philosophes

Promoted this type of economy where business operates free from government interference tariffs and allowed free trade

Laissez faire

Enlightenment thinker who believed in strong absolute government because people are stupid and wrote his ideas in his book Leviathan

Thomas Hobbes

Enlightenment thinker who said all people have natural rights and if the government doesn’t protect those rights people may overthrow the government

John Locke

Enlightenment thinker who wrote Wealth of Nations promoting economy free from government interference

Adam Smith

Enlightenment thinker who promoted governments with 3 branches that utilize checks and balances

Montesquieu

Enlightenment thinker who wrote a 28 set encyclopedia promoted free speech and was against slavery

Denis Diderot

Enlightenment thinker who said a social contract could be effective because all people are good and would give up their own interests for the common good

Rousseau

Enlightenment thinker who promoted freedom of speech and expression publicly criticizing the Roman Catholic Church and French government

Voltaire

Enlightenment thinker who advocated for public education for boys and girls and argued about women being left out of the social contract

Mary Wollstonecraft

New art style of the Enlightenment using pastel colors rural settings flowers and happy people

Rococo

3 new musicians of the Enlightenment

Bach Handel Mozart

Which absolute Prussian monarch embraced Enlightenment ideas by allowing religious freedom and reducing censorship of the press

Frederick the Great

Which absolute Russian monarch wrote letters to Voltaire and tried to embrace Enlightenment ideas by ending torture and allowing some religious tolerance

Catherine the Great

Which absolute Austrian monarch embraced Enlightenment ideas by modernizing government ending serfdom and provided education and care for the sick

Joseph II

England did not use absolutism but instead had this type of government

Constitutional monarchy

What started when King Charles I of England tried to arrest Parliament leaders when they passed laws to limit his powers

English Civil War

What were supporters of the King of England called

Cavaliers

What were supporters of Parliament called

Roundheads

What is the time in English history called when the monarch was restored after Oliver Cromwell’s military rule

Restoration

What did British King Charles II pass to protect citizens against unlawful imprisonment

Habeas Corpus

What was it called when British King James II a Catholic was overthrown by his daughter and her husband Mary and William Protestants

Glorious Revolution

What document created laws that limited the power of future British monarchs

English Bill of Rights

Give a brief definition for EACH the 3 Estates

Clergy Nobility Common people

Who was the King and Queen of France at the beginning and during the French Revolution eventually beheaded

Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

Name the Legislative Body of all 3 estates that was summoned by the French king after not meeting for 175 years

Estates General

The 3rd Estate renamed themselves this saying they were passing laws on behalf of the people

National Assembly

The meeting of the 3rd Estate in a certain part of Versailles palace that they refused to leave until a new Constitution was written is called the what

Tennis Court Oath

What event had 800 Parisians searching for gunpowder and weapons break through a fortress killing one commander and 4 guards

Storming of the Bastille

What event brought the king and the royal family from Versailles to Paris to live permanently in the Palace of Tuileries

Women’s March on Versailles

What 12 member group was created to deal with internal threats to France

Committee of Public Safety

What was the name of the 5 person legislature made after the 1795 Constitution

Directory

The November 1799 overthrow of the Directory by Napoleon was known as a

Coup d’état

Name the vote that gave Napoleon power over the French republic

Plebiscite

Name the agreement Napoleon signed with the Pope recognizing the Catholic Church in France again

Concordat

Name the man who led slave revolts for his country

Toussaint L’Ouverture

What was the name of his country

Haiti

Napoleon invading Portugal by marching through Spain was called the

Peninsular War

What battle finally defeated Napoleon

Battle of Waterloo

2 goals of the Congress of Vienna

Restore monarchies balance power

2 legacies of the Congress of Vienna

Long peace redrawn borders

Which European country did the Industrial Revolution begin

Great Britain

What was the new system of growing different types of crops each season to preserve the fertility of the land

Crop rotation

What economic system was in place allowing people to create products in their own homes to be sold through a middle man

Cottage industry

What economic system said the factors of production should be privately owned

Capitalism

Name the 3 factors of production

Land labor capital

Name the type of economic system that believe the government people should own some of the factors of production

Socialism

Who wrote the Communist Manifesto arguing that society was divided into warring classes

Karl Marx

Name and define the 2 warring classes

Bourgeoisie owners Proletariat workers

What economic system argued that capitalism would destroy itself and then workers would control the government

Marxism

What economic system said government would be controlled by a classless society where all goods and services would be shared equally

Communism

What was the first product made in mills using spinning jenny’s

Textiles

What new location was created where making things by machine replaced making things by hand

Factory

What were associations formed by laborers in the same occupation fighting for better working conditions wages

Labor unions

List 3 areas reformers worked to improve

Wages hours child labor

List 4 groups of people involved in the spread of industrialization

Entrepreneurs inventors workers investors

Who developed modern atomic theory noting that each element has its own set of atoms that form unique chemical substances

John Dalton

Why did the church argue against theories about the Earth’s age

Contradicted the Bible

Who proposed that all life forms evolve into their present state over millions of years where members compete to survive by passing on genetic traits

Charles Darwin

What charitable group did the church create to stay involved in public life as scientific theory grew

Salvation Army

What artistic cultural movement imagination emotion and freedom

Romanticism

What was the new literary hero called who was mysterious and had a secret feeling out of step with society

Byronic hero

What new artistic movement represented the harsh realities of life in hopes to improve it

Realism

What new visual art was created first taking the form of family portraits then capturing the reality of time like the Civil War

Photography

What time period did New Imperialism begin

1870–1914

What European country was dominant in colonizing a nation all throughout the world

Great Britain