Semester Slides Review

Renaissance

A cultural rebirth that began in the late Middle Ages, encouraging a rediscovery of the ancient civilizations of Rome, Greece, and Egypt, and stressing the natural and the human.

Middle Ages (476-1300)

Looked towards God as out savior

Renaissance (1300-1600)

Celebrated humanity and out creation and redemption by God

Age of Exploration (1500-1700)

Spread the Gospel

Missionaries

Individuals who accompanied explorers to spread the Gospel message to the New World, Africa, and the Far East.

Franciscan Missionaries

• established in Mexico and southwestern US

• Set up European organizational structures

• expected the native people the adapt to European language and culture

Jesuit Missionaries

• established the Northeast, Great Lakes, Mississippi River regions

• adapted to the culture and language of the Huron of native people

• less successful in conversion of native people

St. Juan Diego Cuauhtlatoatzin

Saw Our Lady of Guadalupe and the miracle that led to the conversion of many natives

Martin Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses

Documents posted on October 31, 1517, protesting against Tetzel’s preaching, concerning practices like the selling of indulgences.

Martin Luther’s concerns

• selling of indulgences

• corrupt practices of some members of the clergy

• ignorance of the laity in matters of faith

Council of Trent

A council aimed at renewal of clergy and religious life and correcting the errors of reformers regarding Church Doctrine

Council Of Trent teachings

• Priestly training given top priority.

• Clarified church doctrine.

• Reaffirmed all Seven Sacraments.

• Taught that the Lord is present whole and entire for as long as both Eucharistic species subsist.

• Taught that the Mass is a true sacrifice

• the Sacrament of Holy Orders passes power to priests.

• Affirmed that the Sacrament of Penance is the only ordinary means to obtain forgiveness of mortal sins committed after Baptism.

• Scripture and tradition cannot be separated

• Baptism, not personal faith, is a first step to salvation •Rejected practice of indulgences

Magisterium

The bishops in communion with the pope, serving as the teaching office of the Church that authentically interprets the Word of God.

Transubstantiation

The doctrine that bread and wine become the actual Body and Blood of Jesus Christ during the Eucharist.

Rationalism

A philosophy of the Enlightenment that claims only human reason can yield knowledge, separate from religious belief.

Blaise Pascal’s Wager

A philosophical argument suggesting that one must choose to believe in God or not, and outlines the consequences of each choice.

The formal canonization process in the Catholic Church

1. Servant of God

2. Venerable

3. Blessed

4. Saint

Servant of God

The local bishop investigates the person’s life and holiness

Venerable

Vatican Congregation for the Causes of Saints approves the case

Blessed

A miracle attributed to the person is verified, leading to beatification

Saint

A second verified miracle leads to canonization by the Pope

Pope Pius IX

Longest reigning pope in history (1846-1878) who was known as the first modern pope. He was against dismantling the Papal States and liberalism in the wake of violence

Pope Pius XII contributions during WWII

• took a behind the scenes approach to minimize backlash from Nazis.

• Spoke out on Christmas Day 1942 condemning the extermination of people on the basis of race.

• Saved as many as 860,000 Jews by providing them shelter and giving them homes

Papal Infallibility

The doctrine that the pope is incapable of error when teaching ex cathedra on matters of faith and morals.

Immaculate Conception

The dogma stating that Mary was preserved from Original Sin from the moment of her conception.

Objectives of First Vatican Council

aimed to offer clear teaching in response to the enlightenment, liberalism, modernism, and issues at the time. Also worked to assert and reaffirm the authority of the papacy in spiritual matter

Accomplishments of the First Vatican Council

• defined papal infallibility

• reaffirmed the international reach of Catholicism

• 700+ bishops from around the world attended

• emphasized the spiritual authority of the Church

• Dei Filius - Dogmatic Constitution

Dei Filius

asserted that human reason leads a person to the knowledge that God exists; meanwhile, Divine Revelation indicates that God, in the Divine Person of Jesus Christ, the Son of God, came to earth in the flesh to share in our humanity.

Universal Destination of Goods

The principle that resources and material goods should be accessible to all of humanity.

Second Vatican Council Goals

• The Church should engage with the modern world with the goal of Church renewal.

• The Church should lead and encourage efforts for Christian unit

“I want to throw open the windows of the Church so that we can see out and the people can see in.”

Pope John XXIII reasoning for the Second Vatican Council

Synod of Bishops

A periodic meeting of bishops with the pope for theological discussion and advising on faith-related matters.

Sacrosanctum Concilium (Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy)

Renewed the liturgy, including allowing the Mass to be said in the vernacular

Lumen Gentium (Dogmatic Constitution on the Church)

emphasizes the Church as the People of God called to holiness.

Dei Verbum (Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation)

encouraged Bible reading and understanding signs of the times.

Gaudium et Spes (Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World)

stresses the importance of social justice.

What are three strategies you would employ in order to encourage more people your age to participate in the Catholic Church

Multiple answers