June Exam- Socials (still need to add black death)

made by kiana barns

What were the three objectives of the crusade?

1. Stop expansion of Muslims state

2.Reclaim for christianity of Holy Land in Middle East

3.Recapture territories that had formerly been christian

What classes fought in the crusade?

1.Feudal lords

2.Knights

3.Peasants

What new farming did Europe gain from muslims?

1.Windmails

2.Mules

3.Donkeys

4.Arab horses

What new goods did Europe gain from the East.

1. Spices

2. Perfume

3. Cotton/silk

4. Figs/plums/dates/oils

What knowledge did Europe gain from the east?

1.Numbers

2. Math

3. Philosophy

4. Biology

5. Military tactics

Who were the main two sides involved in the crusades?

Christians and Muslims

In the second crusade which two European Countries were involved?

France and Germany

In the first crusade which two European countries were involved?

France and England

What were the reasons for these holy wars?

1. Urban appealed to the knights religious convictions

2. Urban said Muslim Turks were robbing and torturing Christian pilgrims

3. Journeying to Holy Land

4.War offered knights a chance for glory and wealth

What were the main crusades?

1st crusade, 2nd crusade and 3rd crusade.

What British king led the 3rd crusade?

Richard Lionheart

What was one reason pope urban gave for fighting in the crusade?

To go to heaven

To take back their land

1 reason why pope wanted to go to the crusades

fame, glory, take holy land back

Who is the founder of the muslims?

Muhammad

Where was Muhammad born?

Mecca

What were some changes that happened in Europe during the renaissance?

1. Rise of towns and market economies

2. Trade and travel due to the crusades

3. New information and rebirth of old information

4. Failure of the old Feudal System

5. New nation states with powerful kings

6. Exploration of new parts of the world

7. New power of middle class

The spirit of the renaissance was characterized by...

1. Individuality

2.Independence

3. Inquiry - Curiosity - Wanting to learn

4. Sciences

5. Art, Architecture, Music - NEW CULTURE

6. Secularism

7. Humanism

8. Wealth

9. Civic Responsibility

Who was the renaaissance man?

Leonardo Da Vinci

Who was Galileo Galilei? What did he do?

Italian Physicist

Built the first telescope used for science

Did Galileo support geocentricity and what did the church punish him with?

he declared it false, they put him on house arrest until eventually he died

What did Galileo discover?

1. Craters on moon

2. Sunspots

3. Saturn

4. Moons of Jupiter

5. Milky way made of stars

What did Galileo scan?

He scanned heavens beginning

What was the churches view on the scientific revolution?

Everything revolves around earth.

Why were more people more often to idea about the scientific revolution?

Opened their minds to new ideas

What is the geocentric theory and who supposed it?

Aristotle; earth and man are the center of earth

Where did the medici's get their money from?

Banking and a little from merchants

Which city did Medici family do most business?

Florence

GIOVANNI DE MEDICI

First of the famous ruling Medici's and considered founder of Medici family fortune

Who was Giovanni's son?

Cosimo

Cosimo de Medici

Cosimo was imprisoned on charges of plotting to overthrow the government

Cosimo was then banished to Venice, resulting in the loss of the artist Brunelleschi's most powerful patron

Who was Cosimo's grandson?

Lorenzo the Magnificent

Who was Lorenzo's second son?

Lorenzo named his second son Giovanni who became Pope Leo X

Lorenzo the Magnificent

considered to be the most brilliant of the Medicis

Lorenzo

considered to be the greatest patron of the arts

Commissioned such artists and musicians as Michelangelo, Botticelli and Verrocchio

Reasons for this patronage included genuine interest, continuing family tradition, and political motives

Who is the founder of the Medici's family fortune?

Giovanni

What was burned at the bonfires of the vanities?

Mirrors

Cosmetics

Art

Clothing

Books

Jewelry

Who created the printing press?

Johannes Gutenberg

What were the problems before the printing press?

Mistakes

Long

Expensive

Ink smudge

What could the printing press make?

Books

Letters

Newspapers

What were the benefits of the printing press?

Faster

More helpful

Easier

More products

Reliable

Name 2 ways that the printing press improved society

Spreading information

Increase literacy

Spread the word of the bible

Maps

Music

Before the Reformation what language were almost all Bibles written in and who wrote them?

Latin

Monks and nuns

What was the Reformation?

Massive revolution in the Catholic Church in Europe.

Name 2 issues the people who were protesting against the church

-various church scandals

-increase taxes

-nepotism

What were indulgences?

Paying the priest to take away your sins

What did Luther believe would get him to heaven?

Faith and predestination

Luther posted how many complaints against the church?

95

Who excommunicated Martin Luther?

Pope Leo the 10th

What were the main reasons martin Luther protested the church

he thought indulgences were immoral

Why was Martin Luthor put on trial by the church?

Declared him a lunatic → excommunicated him

Why was Martin Luthor mad at Rome

Prostitute touches him

Paying for an indulgence people selling stuff at top

Pope in gold armour (didn't care)

What was Luther's opinion of the pope and why did he think this?

He did not believe the pope had real authority + God should be the only one able to forgive sins because he was not mentioned in the Bible

How did Luther view salvation, and how did the church view it?

Luther viewed that faith alone would lead one to heaven

The church viewed that good deeds/works and faith would lead one to heaven

Name 2 reasons people were protesting against against the church

Indulgences, taxes, simony, nepotism, church scandals

Why were people open to the ideas of supporting the scientific revolution and moved away from the church?

Ancient beliefs were found to be false

Some things couldn't be found in the Bible, the church couldn't explain

What did the Counter Reformation do?

Reinforced the churches teachings

Excommunicated Martin Luther

BLocked his writing

What was the Inquisition?

court system to stop heresy

had more power to question, torture and kill "enemies" of the Church

The reformation resulted in violent wars and tension between Catholics and Protestants

The counter reformation protested Luthers actions. Who did they call?

The council of trent

What was the purpose of the council of trent?

The council of trent were meetings between bishops and the Pope to discuss Protestantism

It confirmed the 7 sacraments

Decided to continue indulgences

St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre

This was the massacre that occurred during the wedding of a Catholic and Huguenot that would resolve the conflict between the two conflicting parties

How many people dies in st Bartholomew's day massacre?

Died → between 5,000-30,000

Who was supposed to get married on St. Bartholomew's day massacre?

Catherine Medici's daughter

How did they prevent scurvy?

Citrus fruits (lemon/lime)

How did they get scurvy?

lack of vitamin c

What are the symtoms of scurvy?

joining pain, bleeding gums, teeth fall out, red/blue spots on skin, Sad + irritable

How did the age of exploration advance technology?

Helped with navigation (compass)

Better sails

What is a compass?

Tells you what direction you are going in

What is a caravel?

small ship

What is an astrolabe?

measure altitude of objects above the horizon

What items items in the silk trade route were traded from east to west

Silk

China (Plates, Bowls, Cups, Vases)

Tea

Spice

Bronze

Rice

Paper

Medicine

Perfume

Gunpowder

What items items in the silk trade route were traded from west to east

Horses

Saddles and Riding Tack

Grapevine + grapes

Dogs + other exotic domestic animals

Animal furs and skins

Honey

Fruites

Glassware

Slaves

Camels

Weapons

Which religion traveled along the silk trade?

Buddhism

What two nations were involved in the indian trade route?

Africa and asia

What did Africa trade with Asia?

Gold, ivory, and iron

What did Asia trade with Africa?

cotton, silk and porcelain

What impact did the Indian trade route have on Portugal?

they gained wealth and power

Four items or benefits that helped Cortes battle over the aztecs?

Guns

Horses

Diseases

Lucky

Aztecs Lifestyle

Believed in many gods (polytheists)

Made human sacrifices

What was the name of the Aztec ruler?

Montezuma

What did cortes have when he arrived at the aztecs?

Cortez had around 500 men, 16 horses, 14 cannons, and some supplies.

What 2 things did cortes burn and why?

His ships so his people couldn't go back

The whole city because he wanted to build a church where the city stood

What were the aztecs houses made of?

adobe

Did Cortes have many friends?

No very few wanted to be his friend

What was the new world?

Americas

Why were slaves needed in the new world?

Needed to maintain the crop (tobacco, sugar and cotton)

What did America give Europe?

tobacco, sugar, cotton

What did Europe give Africa?

Guns, iron bars, glass, cloth

What did Africa give America?

slaves and gold

True or false, America had the most slaves?

False, Brazil

True or false, about 25% slaves dies on the journey to the new world?

true