Scientific/Medical Terminology

ec- ex-

out of, away from

ecto- ect-

outside of

en- em-

in, into, within

mono-

one, single

syn- sym-

together, joined

-itic

pertaining to inflammation or a condition

-ium

membrane, connective tissue

ancanth-

thorn, spine

alg-

pain

alges-

sensitivity to pain

all-

other, divergence, difference from

angi-

(blood) vessel, duct

arteri-

artery

arthr-

joint

bi-

life

brady-

slow

cardi-

heart

cephal-

head

crani-

skull

cyt-

cell

encephal-

brain

erythr-

red, red blood cell

lept-

thin, fine slight

leuk-

white, white blood cell

lith-

stone, calculus

log-

word, study

malac-

soft

mes-

middle, secondary, partial, mesentery

-meter, metr-

measure, measuring device

nephr-

kidney

neur-

[tendon] nerve, nervous system

oste-

bone

prosop-

face

prot-

first, primitive, early

scler-

hard

sten-

narrow

stere-

solid, having three dimension

tachy-

rapid

tox-

poison

abiosis; a- + -bi- + -osis

absence of life

acanthosis; acantho- + -sis

thickening of the skin

allostery; allo- + steric

alteration of regular protein activity

analgesic; an- + -algesia + -ic

relieving pain

analgia; an- + algia

insensitivity to pain

angiostenosis; angio- + stenosis

narrowing of a vessel

antibiotic; anti- + biotic

destroys or inhibits growth of microorganisms

antitoxin; anti- + toxin

antibody produced in response to specific biological toxin

arteriostosis; arterio- + osteo- + -sis

calcification of an artery

arthritides; arthro- + -tides

inflammation of joints accompanied by pain, swelling, stiffness

arthritis; arthr- + -itis

inflammation of joints accompanied by pain, swelling, stiffness

arthrosclerosis; arthro- + sclerosis

hardening of joints

arthrosteitis; arthro- + osteitis

inflammation of the bony structures of a joint

biotoxin; bio + toxikon

toxin produced by or found in a living organism

bradycardia; brady- + -cardia

slow heartbeat

diencephalon; di- + encephalon

second portion of the brain, lying between telencephalon and mesencephalon

dysarthrosis; dys- + arthrosis

joint malformation or deformity

encephalalgia; enkephalos + algos

deep-seated head pain

encephalomalacia; encephalo- + -malacia

softening of brain tissue

endoneurium; endo- + neur- + -ium

delicate connective tissue sheath surrounding nerve fibers

endosteum; endo- + Gr. osteon

membrane lining the marrow cavity of a bone

endotoxin; endo- + toxin

lipopolysaccharide that is part of the cell well of a gram-negative bacteria

epicardium; epi- + -cardium

inner, serous membrane on the surface of the myocardium

epicranium; epi- + cranium

soft tissue covering the cranium

erythrocytosis; erythr- + -cyt + -osis

abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in circulation

erythroprosopalgia; erythro- + Gr. prosopon + -algia

neuropathy marked by redness and pain in the face

exocardia; exo- + kardia

congenitally abnormal position of the heart

exotoxin; exo- + toxin

toxin produced and released by bacteria

hemialgia; hemi- + -algia

pain in half the body

hypalgesia; hypo- + algesis

lessened sensitivity to pain; opposite of hyperalgesia

leptocephalia; leptos + ephalia

having an abnormally vertically elongated, narrow skull

leukotoxin; leuk- + -toxin

toxin that destroys leukocytes

lithiasis; lith- + -iasis

formation of stones

mesocardia; meso- + -cardia

location of heart in the midline of the thorax

nephrolithiasis; nephro- + lithiasis

kidney stones

nephrosclerosis; nephro- + sclerosis

hardening of connective kidney tissue

neuritis; neuro- + -itis

inflammation of a nerve

ostalgia; osteon + algos

pain in a bone

osteometry; osteon + metron

measurement of bones and their relationships within skeleton

osteomalacia; osteo- + -malacia

abnormality in new bones causing soft, flexible, brittle, and deformed qualities

paricarditis; pericard(ium) + -itis

inflammation of the pericardium

periosteum; peri- + -osteo + -eum

fibrous membrane forming covering of bones

prosoponeuralgia; prosopo- + neuron + algos

facial nerve pain

protobiology; protos + bios + logos

study of microorganisms smaller than bacteria

scleriasis

hardening of the skin

stenocephaly; sten- + kephale

narrowness of the cranium

stereology; stereos + logos

study of three dimensional aspects of objects

synalgic

marked by referred pain

toxicosis; toxico- + -sis

disease due to poisoning

amphi-

both sides

ana-

up, back, against

cata-

downward

eso-

within, inner

meta-

change, transform

para-

alongside, around

pro-

before

pros-, prosth-

in place of

-ismus

muscular spasm

-ose

chemical substances

acr-

extremities (particularly hands and feet)