Bonding and Chemical Interactions

Octet Rule

atoms will bond with other atoms to typically get 8 electrons in their outermost shell

Incomplete Octet

atoms that are stable with less than 8 electrons in outer shell

atoms that have incomplete octets

H, He, Li, Be, B are

Expanded Octet

atoms that are stable with more than 8 electrons in their outershell

3 or greater

any element in period _____________ have expanded octets

ionic bonds

electron(s) from a low ionization energy atom are transferred to a high electron affinity atom

lattice structure

ionic bonds will form a

metal and nonmetal

ionic bonds will happen between a

> 1.7

Δ EN for ionic bonds

high

ionic bonds have ________ melting and boiling points

good

ionic bonds are _________ conductors

covalent bonds

electron pair is shared between the two atoms

nonpolar covalent bonds

electrons are equally shared between the two atoms

polar covalent bonds

electrons are NOT equally shared between the two atoms

poor

covalent bonds are _________ conductors

bond order

the number of shared electron pairs between 2 atoms

1

1 bond will have a bond order of

2

2 bonds will have a bond order of

3

3 bonds will have a bond order of

bond energy

energy required to break a bond by separating its components into isolated gaseous forms

weakest

single bonds will have the _____________ bond energy

strongest

triple bonds will have the _____________ bond energy

0.5-1.7

Δ EN for polar covalent bonds

0-0.5

Δ EN for non-polar covalent bonds

coordinate covalent bond

when both electrons are shared from the same atom in a bond

true

a coordinate bond is indistinguishable from a covalent bond once formed

lewis acid

will accept LP of electrons

lewis base

will donate LP of electrons

bonding electrons

valence electrons involved in bond

nonbonding electrons

valence electrons NOT involved in bond

minimizes, most stable

arrangement that _____________ the number and magnitude of the formal charge give the _____________________ arrangement

resonance structures

same spatial arrangement of atoms but different arrangement of electrons

resonance character

the more stable the structure, the more it will contribute to the

electron geometry

spatial arrangement of all electron pairs

molecular geometry

spatial arrangement of only bonding electron pairs

molecular orbital

when 2 atoms bond to form a compound and the atomic orbitals will interact

bonding orbital

the signs of the two orbitals are the SAME

antibonding orbital

the signs of the two orbitals are DIFFERENT

sigma bond

orbitals that overlap head to head

pi bond

orbitals that overlap to form 2 parallel electron cloud densities

allow

sigma bonds __________ free rotation

do not allow

pi bonds __________ free rotation

ion dipole interactions

strongest IMF

london dispersion forces

weakest IMF