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three major regions
Skull, Vertebral column, Thoracic cage
three functions of the axial skeleton
Form longitudinal axis of body, Support head, neck, and trunk, and Protect brain, spinal cord, and thoracic organs
The skull is formed by two sets of bones
carnium and facial bones
Cranial bones (cranium)
The skull encloses the brain and provides muscle attachment sites.
Facial bones
The skull forms the face, houses sense organs, anchors facial muscles, provide openings for air and food passage, and secure teeth
sutures
joints
Cranial vault (calvaria)
forms superior, lateral, and posterior portion of skull, as well as forehead
Cranial base
forms inferior aspect of skull
The internal cranial base (cranial cavity) is divided into three “steps,” or fossae
anterior, middle, posterior fossae
Other cavities found in the cranium
Middle and internal ear cavities, Nasal cavity, Orbits that house eyeballs
eight cranial bones
Frontal bone, Parietal bones (two—left and right), Occipital bone, Temporal bones (two—left and right), Sphenoid bone and Ethmoid bone
Coronal suture
between parietal bones and frontal bone
Sagittal suture
between right and left parietal bones
Lambdoid suture
between parietal bones and occipital bone
Squamous (squamosal) sutures
between parietal and temporal bones on each side of skull
Foramen magnum
“large hole” through which brain connects with spinal cord
Facial skeleton is made up of 14 bones
Mandible, two maxillary bones, two Zygomatic bones, two Nasal bones, two Lacrimal bones, two Palatine bones, Vomer and two Inferior nasal conchae