VNTE vettechprep review powerpix

Feline Odontoclastic Resorptive lesion

often refered to as a line lesion or resportive lesion. Very painful

Pulp exposure in a broken incisor

Gingival Hyperplasia

overgrowth of gum tissue. Often seen in boxers.

retained deciduous teeth

"Baby teeth"

Retained more commonly in small breeds

Usually extracted at time of spay/neuter

Cleft lip/palate in a newborn puppy

Gingivitis

Inflammation of the gums. Often component of stomatitis, especially in cats.

Grade 4 periodontal disease in a dog

will have severe gingival recession

Enamel hypoplasia

-caused by an enamel defect

-in some cases, can be related to previous distemper virus infection.

-may also be a side effect of tetracycline use in puppies.

Crown cap on tooth

-placed after a root canal procedure

- example of endodontic treatment

acanthomatous epulis

a oral tumor that arises from the periodontal ligament. They are benign but very invasive.

tooth abscesses show up _______ on an x ray

dark areas around roots

Dental probe

Dental extraction forceps

Dental shepherds hook

Dental elevator

Dental calculus removal forceps

Dental mouth gag

Dental polisher

Dental drill

Dental ultrasonic scaler

Olsen-Hegar Needle Holder

-Used to hold and drive the needle and cut the suture

Bachaus Towel Clamps

Used to clamp surgical towels to the patient

Allis Tissue Forceps

-Have sharp teeth at the ends

-Used for grasping dense tissue

-Used for holding slippery tissue that will be excised

-Used in declaw procedure to put traction on the nail

Rat tooth forceps

-Grasping forceps

-provides good tissue grip with minimal tissue damage

Brown-adson forceps

-used for grasping more delicate tissue

-have fine teeth at the tips

Spay hook

used to locate the uterine horns during a ovariohysterectomy (spay)

Metzenbaum Scissors

-used to cut delicate tissue

-used for blunt dissection

Rochester Carmalt Forceps or clamps

-has grooves on the blade surfaces that run in the same direction as the length of the blades.

-used in clamping blood vessels and large tissues

Mosquito hemostat

-May be curved or straight

-Used for clamping small blood vessels

Kelly Hemostatic Forceps

-grooves that run perpendicular to the blades

-used to clamp off bleeding vessels or vascular tissue

-grooves only run halfway down the blade

Scalpel blade holder

bandage scissors

-used to cut bandaging materials

iris scissors

Used for intraocular tissue. and other delicate tissues. Sharp points

mayo scissors

-used for cutting thick tissues

- used for blunt dissection on larger tissues

Suture scissors

Note the hook on the end to get under the suture before cutting

Balfour retractors

-used to hold open an incision site

-self retaining

-larger ones are used to hold open the body wall for a laparotomy

Senn rake retractor

A hand-held retractor used to retract soft tissues

Gelpi Retractor

-self retaining

- most often used in orthopedic and neuro surgerys

Hartmann Alligator Forceps

Used for removing ear foreign bodies

otoscope

-used to examine the ears

-can use various size cones depending on the animals size

opthmaloscope

-an instrument used to examine the eye

-allows examination of the fundus and optic nerve

Refractometer

Instrument that measures total protein and urine specific gravity

Laryngoscope

-allows examination of the larynx and back of throat

-used to assist in palcement of endotracheal tubes

Autoclave

-used for sterilizing equipment

needles/catheters

the larger the number, the smaller the gauge

purple top tube contains

edta anti-coagulant

What are purple top tubes used for?

CBC, heartworm test

Tiger top tube contains

a clot activator, gel is for serum sepatartion

tiger top tube use

for blood chemistries

plain red top tube contains

no additives

plain red top tube use

For phenobarbital levels or sterile urine samples can be submitted in this

Blue top tube contains

sodium citrate

blue top tube used for

coagulation testing (PT/PTT)

hematocrit tubes and clay

Used for collecting blood for a PCV and total protein

centrifuge

-used to spin down blood to collect serum, or for spinning hematocrit tubes for PCV

-also used for spinning feces when performing a zinc/centrifugation fecal float test

eye piece of microscope

ocular lens

arm (microscope part)

supports the body tube

nosepiece microscope part

rotation

Coarse adjustment focus knob microscope part

fine adjustment focus knob microscope part

Objectives microscope part

stage (microscope part)

Supports the slide being viewed

illuminator (microscope part)

light source

Light Switch (Microscope Part)

base (microscope part)

The bottom of the microscope, used for support

condenser microscope part

focuses light through the specimen

Bair hugger

Warmer for patients

Used during anesthesia to provide heat support

Iv fluid pump

-set volume of fluid to be given per hour.

-Rate and volume to be infused

pop off valve

Also known as the pressure relief valve, exhaust valve, adjustable pressure limiting (APL) valve, or overflow valve; this valve is the point of exit of anesthetic gases from the breathing circuit.

oxygen flow meter

Meter that controls the amount of oxygen

gas/vaporizer

Vaporizes anesthetic gas in precise amounts (%)

Mixes gas with O2

connector for breathing on anesthesia machine

where you hook up both ends of the breathing hose on to

reservoir bag on anesthesia machine

soda lime

CO2 absorber for anesthesia machines

oxygen source on anesthetic machine

Green hose connecting oxygen line to the flow meter

air waste gas canister on anesthesia machine

collects waste gas so it doesn't spread in the room

tonopen

Measures intraocular pressure by gently touching the pen to the patient's central cornea

-used to diagnose glaucoma

Malassezia

-Yeast organisms

Commonly found on skin and ear cytologies

-Note the bowling pin shape

chain of rod bacteria

Mast cells

release histamine and heparin to stimulate local inflammation, note the granular appearance of the cells

Lipoma/adipose tissue

fat-note the clear vacuolated appearance

purulent fluid/pus contains mostly

Neutrophils

Neutrophils

Most abundant white blood cell.

-Phagocytic and tend to self-destruct as they destroy foreign invaders, limiting their life span to a few days.

Eodinophils

note the pink granules inside the cell

Neutrophils

-note the u shape

Eosinophils are most commonly seen in

allergic or parasitic conditions

Lymphocytes

A type of white blood cell that make antibodies to fight off infections

lymphoma

lymphocytes are large and have miotic figures and multiple nucleoli

erythrocytes

red blood cells

Struvite crystals form in

alkaline urine

struvite crystals

coffin shaped

calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals form in

acidic urine

calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals

x shape

calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals

- picket fence appearance

- indicates ethylene glycol poisoning

cystine crystals are caused by

a renal tubular amino acid reabsorption defect

cystine crystals

note the hexagon appearance

Demodex canis

notice the cigar shaped appearance

Is demodex canis contagious?

no

demodex canis is mostly found in

puppies due to underdeveloped immune system

How is demodex canis found?

with a deep skin scraping. This mite lives deep in the hair follicles