Hyponatremia

What is hyponatremia?

sodium less than 136

What does hyponatremia cause?

reduced excitable membrane depolarization
cellular swelling

What happens to fluid in hyponatremia?

goes from extracellular to intracellular (swell)

What is cell death?

lysis

What are causes of actual sodium deficits?

sweating, diuretics, kidney disease, inadequate intake, hyperglycemia, burns, GI loss

What are causes of relative sodium deficits?

excess fluid intake, polydipsia, kidney failure, hypotonic fluid, SIADH, heart failure, liver cirrhosis

Why are older adults at a greater risk for hyponatremia?

use of diuretics and chronic illness

What is the most obvious problem with hyponatremia?

cerebral edea and increased intracranial pressure

What is often seen in older adults who have hyponatremia?

confusion

What happens when sodium levels get very low?

seizure, coma, and death

What happens to DTRs with hyponatremia?

diminish and muscle weakness occurs

What should you assess if muscle weakness is prevelant?

respiratory status

What happens to bowels with hyponatremia?

hyperactive and BM is frequent and watery

What happens to the HR with hyponatremia?

rapid, weak, thready

What happens to BP with hyponatremia?

decreased (orthostatic hypotension)

What happens when hyponatremia occurs with hypervolemia?

bounding pulses and high BP

What is the goal with treatment for hyponatremia?

prevent hypernatremia and fluid overload

What does hyponatremia usually occur with?

fluid volume deficits (hypovolemia)

What is the treatment for hyponatremia?

Foods high in sodium, Administer IV fluids (0.9%)

What is given if hyponatremia is from fluid excess?

-ptan ending drugs

What is given if hyponatremia is from SIADH?

lithium and demeclocycline

What foods are high in sodium?

beef broth, tomato juice