APHUG Unit 3 - Culture

culture

shared beliefs, values, behaviours, and material objects of a group

Cultural Trait

a single behaviour or belief (food, clothing, language)

Cultural Complex

a group of related cultural traits

Cultural Region

an area where people share similar culture

Non-material culture

beliefs, religion, language, traditions

Material culture

physical objects people create

Cultural Landscape

the visible Imprint of human activity on the land

Built environment

human-made structures (houses, roads, temples0

Sequent Occupance

cultural layers left by different groups over time

Symbolic Landscape

places that reflect cultural meaning

Cultural Diffusion

spread of ideas, beliefs and practices

Relocation diffusion

culture spreads when people move

Expansion diffusion

culture spreads outward from a source

Contagious diffusion

rapid, widespread diffusion

Hierarchical diffusion

spreads from powerful or important people

Stimulus diffusion

idea spreads but is changed

Folk Culture

traditional culture of small, rural groups

Custom

repeated traditional practice

habit

individual repetitive act

Homogenous

culture is very similar throughout

Slow diffusion

folk culture spreads slowly

popular culture

culture shared by large societies

heterogenous

many different cultural traits

rapid diffusion

spreads quickly through media

globalization

culture becoming more global

uniform landscape

places begin to look alike

language

system of communication using symbols

dialect

regional variation of a language

isogloss

boundary of a dialect

lingua franca

common trade language

official language

language used by government

Mandarin

most native speakers in the world

English

most widely spoken global language

Pidgin

simplified language for communication

Creole

a pidgin that becomes a first language

Language extinction

when a language disappears

universalizing religion

seeks concerts (Christianity, Islam, Buddhism)

ethnic religion

tied to one ethnic group (Judaism, Hinduism)

Monotheistic

one God

Polytheistic

many gods

sacred space

place of religious meaning

Sacred site

holy place for worship

material culture (religion)

religious objects and buildings

architecture

style of religious buildings

burial traditions

how religious treat the dead

cultural identity

religion shapes place and design

race

social idea based on physical traits

ethnicity

shared culture, language, history

racism

prejudice based on race

ethnic group

people with common heritage

ethnic enclave

cultural neighborhood

multi-nation state

one country with many ethnic groups

Yugoslavia

former multi-ethnic country

Balkanization

breaking into smaller ethnic states

Ethnic cleansing

forced removal of a group

Cultural Shatter Belt

area of conflict between cultures