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According to tradition it was the original shrine built by
Abraham. The actual date of the early building is not known,
but it was already in place by 570s CE. This building was
destroyed and replaced by a new one in 680s by rebel Abd
Allah ibn Zubair who contested the Omayyad power. When
Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik defeated Ibn Zubair in 693 CE,
he demolished ibn Zubair’s building and replaced it with a
replica of the earlier one raised from Kuraishit foundations.
In the following centuries Qa’aba was renovated and
restored several times.
The house of Muhammad in Medina (upper row) served as the first mosque. According to the most widespread theory it was this original building that defined the principal architectural forms of early congregational mosques (alternatively called Friday/Juma/Grand mosques). In the lower row is the plan and elevation of the Friday mosque of the city of Kufa built around 737 CE
An aerial view and architectural elevation of the Dome of the Rock (Qubbat al-Sahra), Jerusalem, 687–692. The dome and the tile decoration on external walls were redone in later periods.
Mosaic decorating a spandrel in the arcade of the inner octagon of the Dome of the rock, ca. 692. Some elements of these mosaics are of Sasanian origin, others clearly reflect Byzantine tradition.
Great Mosque, Damascus, Syria, 706–715.
Mosaic behind the courtyard arcade of the Great Mosque, Damascus, Syria, 706–715.
Wooden boards from al-Aqsa mosque, probably from the time of Caliph al-Mansur (ca. 746 CE.)
