Biology: Page 6

Flashcards covering key concepts from a biology lecture, including plant types, cellular respiration, enzymes, and DNA structure.

What process do C3 plants use directly?

C3 plants use the Calvin cycle directly for photosynthesis.

What do C4 plants fix CO2 into?

C4 plants fix CO2 into a 4-carbon compound.

When and how do CAM plants fix CO2 and why?

CAM plants fix CO2 at night into a 4-carbon compound to conserve water and minimize photorespiration.

What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP)

What are the three stages of aerobic cellular respiration?

Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.

What is anaerobic cellular respiration/fermentation?

Cellular respiration without oxygen, producing less energy and lactate/ethanol.

What are enzymes?

Biological catalysts used for speeding up certain reactions in the body.

How do enzymes work?

Enzymes bind substrates at their active sites, catalyze reactions, and release products.

What effect does pH have on enzymes?

pH level alters enzyme structure and activity; each enzyme has an optimal pH range.

What is the central dogma of biology?

Describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.

What is Chargaff's rule?

The number of purines (A and G) is equal to the number of pyrimidines (T and C).

What was Franklin's discovery about DNA?

She produced the first ever image of DNA using X-ray crystallography.