Nomenclature of Covalent and Ionic Compounds

Flashcards covering the nomenclature rules for covalent and ionic compounds, including prefixes, polyatomic ions, and specific naming conventions from the lecture notes.

Salt

Another word for an ionic compound.

Covalent Bond

A bond between two nonmetals.

Ionic Bond

A bond between a metal and a nonmetal.

mono-

Prefix meaning $1$; in covalent nomenclature, it is used only for the second atom ($B$) in the compound.

di-

Prefix meaning $2$.

tri-

Prefix meaning $3$.

tetra-

Prefix meaning $4$.

penta-

Prefix meaning $5$.

hexa-

Prefix meaning $6$.

hepta-

Prefix meaning $7$ (provided in Source 1).

septa-

Prefix meaning $7$ (provided in Source 2).

octa-

Prefix meaning $8$.

nona-

Prefix meaning $9$.

deca-

Prefix meaning $10$.

Suffix "-ide"

The ending used for the name of the second atom ($B$) in a covalent molecule or the nonmetal in a binary ionic compound.

Prefix Vowel Rule

If an element starts with a vowel, the "o" or "a" at the end of the prefix may be dropped (e.g., pentoxide, tetroxide).

Transition Metal Naming Rule

When naming ionic compounds with these metals, Roman numerals must be used to indicate the specific state, such as iron (II) chloride or silver (I) sulfide.

Polyatomic Ion

Groups of two or more elements that stick together; their names do not change when used in compound nomenclature.

$$NO_3^-$$

Nitrate

$$NO_2^-$$

Nitrite

$$SO_4^{2-}$$

Sulfate

$$SO_3^{2-}$$

Sulfite

$$PO_4^{3-}$$

Phosphate

$$PO_3^{3-}$$

Phosphite

$$CO_3^{2-}$$

Carbonate

$$NH_4^+$$

Ammonium

Anion "-ate" and "-ite" Relationship

Anions with the "-ate" ending have one more oxygen than similar anions with the "-ite" ending.

SF4 (Source 2 Instance)

Silicon tetrafluoride

N2O5

Dinitrogen pentoxide

CO

Carbon monoxide