Demographic Changes

Why is there a decline in fertility?

- decline in mortality (death rate decreased)
- economic factors (children financial burden)
- women's opportunities (education/employment)
- changing social attitudes ("Childless" no longer negative)
- contraception and abortion (more socially acceptable)
Most women who went uni in 1990s delayed children till 2000s

Causes of ageing population

- lower birth rates
- increased life expectancy

Problems of ageing population

- age dependency
- increased public spending
- loneliness and isolation

Positives of ageing population

- older workers
- have time to contribute to voluntary work
- grandparents help