Memory and Cognitive Processes

A set of flashcards encompassing vocabulary related to memory and cognitive processes, designed for exam preparation.

Repression

The defense mechanism by which unacceptable thoughts and feelings are prevented from entering consciousness.

Memory consolidation

The process by which recent memories are transformed into a more stable, long-term format.

Effortful processing

Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.

Phonemic Level

A level of processing that involves focusing on the sound of words.

Automatic processing

Unconscious encoding of incidental information.

Phonological Loop

A component of working memory that deals with verbal and auditory information.

Source Amnesia

The inability to remember where, when, or how previously learned information was acquired.

Imagination Inflation

The phenomenon where imagining an event increases confidence that the event actually occurred.

Levels of Processing Model

A theory suggesting that memory retention depends on the depth of processing of information.

Semantic Level

A level of processing that involves focusing on the meaning of words.

Multi-Store Model

A model that describes memory as consisting of three stores: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

Constructive Memory

A type of memory that involves the use of existing knowledge to fill in gaps in what we remember.

Misinformation Effect

The phenomenon where a person's recall of an event is altered by misleading information presented after the event.

Structural Level

A level of processing that involves focusing on the physical structure of words.

Central Executive

The part of working memory that directs attention and processing.

Testing Effect

The improved memory for information when it is actively retrieved during testing.

Visuospatial Sketchpad

A component of working memory responsible for processing visual and spatial information.

Hippocampus

A brain region crucial for the formation of new memories.

Retrieval Cues

Stimuli that help in retrieving memories from storage.

Elizabeth Loftus

A cognitive psychologist known for her research on the malleability of human memory.

Suggestibility

The tendency to incorporate misleading information from external sources into personal recollections.

Echoic Memory

A type of sensory memory that retains auditory information for a brief period.

Alzheimer's Disease

A progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects memory and cognitive function.

Iconic Memory

A type of sensory memory for visual stimuli that lasts for a very short time.