Fundamentals of Communication

Vocabulary practice flashcards defining key communication concepts, principles, elements, barriers, types of non-verbal communication, and Dell Hymes' SPEAKING framework.

Communis

The Latin root of the word communication, which means 'common' or 'karaniwan'.

Communication (Louis Allen, 1958)

The overall activity performed by an individual to create understanding in the minds of others, involving continuous talking, listening, and understanding.

Reasons for Communication (Adler et al., 2010)

The three primary motivations for communicating: 1) Need to know oneself, 2) Need to socialize or interact with others, and 3) Practical needs.

Intrapersonal Communication

A level of communication that takes place within an individual's own mind.

Interpersonal Communication

A level of communication involving interaction between two or more people.

Public Communication

A level of communication where a speaker addresses a large audience.

Mass Communication

A level of communication that reaches a wide, public audience through media channels.

Dynamic Process of Communication

The principle stating that communication continuously changes because it is influenced by time, location, events, and the individuals involved.

Content Message

A linguistic message within communication that contains the literal information or words being sent.

Relational Message

A non-verbal message in communication that indicates feelings, attitude, or perspective toward the other participant.

Sender

The element of communication referring to the person who formulates and sends a message or information.

Message

The information sent by the sender to the recipient, which can be verbal or non-verbal.

Channel (Daluyan)

The medium or pathway used to convey a message, such as telephones, letters, email, or social media applications.

Receiver

The element of communication referring to the person who receives the transmitted message.

Response / Feedback (Tugon)

The reaction or feedback provided by the receiver based on their interpretation of the message; categorized into direct, indirect, or delayed response.

Semantic Barrier

A communication barrier rooted directly in the meaning of the words or sentence structures used.

Physical Barrier

Environmental distractions affecting communication, such as background noise, visual distractions, sound system issues, poor lighting, or uncomfortable seating.

Physiological Barrier

Physical impairments or bodily conditions in the sender or receiver, such as sight, hearing, or speech difficulties, or illness.

Psychological Barrier

Internal personal factors like biases, prejudices, cultural backgrounds, or established habits that cause misinterpretation of messages.

Verbal Communication

A form of communication that uses word symbols to represent ideas and objects, encompassing writing, reading, speaking, and listening.

Non-Verbal Communication

A form of communication that conveys and receives messages without using words, relying instead on facial expressions, gestures, and body movements.

Referent

The concrete object or abstract idea that a specific word represents.

Common Reference

The shared interpretation or meaning assigned to a term by all participants in a communication setting.

Verbal Context

The meaning of a word derived from its relationship to surrounding words within a statement.

Chronemics

A type of non-verbal communication centered around the use and perception of time.

Proxemics

A type of non-verbal communication that conveys meaning through the physical distance or space maintained between people.

Kinesics

Non-verbal communication through body language, posture, gestures, and physical movements.

Haptics

A form of non-verbal communication that uses the sense of touch to transmit messages.

Iconics

Non-verbal communication using explicit symbols or icons with clear meanings.

Colorics

The use of colors in non-verbal communication to convey feelings, meanings, or orientation.

Paralanguage

The non-verbal aspects of speech, such as manner of utterance, tone, and pronunciation, that convey connotative meaning.

Oculesics

A form of non-verbal communication involving eye behavior and eye movement.

Objectics

The use of physical objects to communicate messages non-verbally.

Olfactorics

Non-verbal communication that communicates messages through the sense of smell.

Pictics

Non-verbal communication conveyed specifically through facial expressions.

Vocalics

The use of non-spoken vocal sounds to communicate messages.

S.P.E.A.K.I.N.G. Model

Dell Hymes' acronym outlining critical factors for effective communication: Setting, Participants, Ends, Act Sequence, Keys, Instrumentalities, Norm, and Genre.