Studied by 3 people
Diatonic
Pertaining to the notes of a major or minor scale
Chromatic
by semi-tones
Consonant
harmonious agreement
dissonant
harsh and disagreeable in sound
pedal note
Long held or repeated note, usually on tonic or dominant
drone note
A pedal is a single note that is held on or repeated in, the bass
Perfect cadence
V-I sounds final and complete
imperfect cadence
I-V ii-V IV-V vi-V Sounds unfinished
Interupted cadence
Chord V followed by any chord except I. Sounds surprising.
Plagal Cadence
IV-I sounds complete but not as strong, used for the amen at the end of hymns
Tierce de Picardie
The final chord of a piece of music in the minor key is changed to major.
major chords
Bright, triumphant sound
minor chords
sad
Dominant Seventh
chord V with added minor seventh.
power chord
a loud chord consisting of the only root note of the chord and the fifth, usually played on electric guitar
Twelve-bar blues
I, I, I, I, IV, IV, I, I, V, IV, I, I
Sixteen bar blues
A variation on the basic 12-bar blues progression with an extended pattern of chords. There is the same basic chord structure as the 12-bar blues with measure 9 and 10 repeated three times.
Major key
music based on a major scale
Minor key
music based on a minor scale
Atonal key
music that lacks a tonal center; absence of key
Modal key
Tonality based on modes (precursors of modern scales ‒ of several types, each with a different series of tones and semitones)
pentatonic scale
a five-note scale found often in folk music and non-Western music
Blues scale
a seven-note scale in which the third, fifth, and seventh pitches are sometimes flat, sometimes natural, and sometimes in between
whole tone scale
a six-note scale each pitch of which is a whole tone away from the next
modulation/key change
the technique of changing keys in the course of a single piece
simple time signature
when the beat naturally divides into two equal halves.
compound time signature
a time signature where the beat is dotted and sub-divides into groups of three, as in 6/8 which has two dotted crotchet beats, each of which comprises three quavers
regular metre
a time signature where all the beats are the same length
irregular metre
Time signature where beats are grouped in uneven mixtures of two and three.
free time
No discernable beat
Rubato
temporary irregularity of time, lengthening some notes at the expense of others
Grave (tempo)
very slow, solemn 20-40 BPM
Lento (tempo)
slow 40-45 BPM
largo (tempo)
broad, 45-50 BPM
Adagio (tempo)
Stately 50-65 BPM
Adagietto (tempo)
Rather slow 65-70 BPM
Andante (tempo)
walking pace 70-85 BPM
Moderato (tempo)
moderate 85-100 BPM
Allegretto (tempo)
moderately fast 100-110 BPM
Allegro (tempo)
fast, cheerful 110-130 BPM
vivace (tempo)
fast and lively 130-150 BPM
Presto (tempo)
very fast tempo 150-180 BPM
Prestissimo (tempo)
as fast as possible 180+ BPM
Anacrusis
upbeat
Pulse rhythm
a series of uniformly spaced beats
Augmentation
the action or process of making or becoming greater in size or amount
diminution
lessening; reduction in size
hemiola
Feeling of two in triple time
dotted rhythm
dotted note is followed by one shorter, long-short pattern
double dotted rhythm
A second dot represents half the value of the first dot, or a quarter of the original duration
Triplet notes
three-note pattern that fills the duration of a typical two-note pattern
Scotch snap/Lombard rhythm
a syncopated musical rhythm in which a short, accented note is followed by a longer one.
Pause
A pause sign tells you to hold the note or rest for slightly longer than its written value.
Groove
the sense of an effect ("feel") of changing pattern in a propulsive rhythm or sense of "swing".
Backbeat
Placing a strong accent on the offbeats.
In syncopation, a _________ is accented
Off beat
offbeat
a weak beat or any pulse between the beats in a measured rhythmic pattern
shuffle beat
A beat where straight quavers are relaxed into a more triplet feel, similar to a swing rhythm.
Swing/swung rhythm
Straight quavers are relaxed into a more triplet feel
skank rhythm
An offbeat pattern created by the guitarist playing an 'upstroke'
Bubble rhythm
reggae term, the effect created by playing chords in the left hand immediately before the off beat chords in the right hand on the keyboard
clave (Bo Diddley type beat)
A group of three notes in two - the basic rhythm of salsa.
Bi-rhythm
the use of two different rhythms together
Cross-rhythm
conflicting rhythms are heard together
Polyrhythm
a rhythm that makes use of two or more different rhythms simultaneously each with different beats
Bossa Nova
a style of Brazilian music derived from samba but placing more emphasis on melody and less on percussion.
Samba
Brazilian dance with African influences
Salsa Dance
Salsa is a Latin dance, associated with the music genre of the same name, which was first popularized in the United States in the 1960s in New York City.
Tango
A Latin American dance performed at a moderately slow, walk-like tempo in 4/4 meter
Habanera
A dance created in Cuba during the early nineteenth century that became popular in both Europe and South America. Its characteristic rhythm resurfaced in the Argentine tango and the cakewalk.
Danzon
Creolized Cuban dance-music genre that essentially became the national dance of Cuba in the 1920s; important forerunner of the danzon-mambo and the cha cha cha. Closely identified with the charanga ensemble.
merengue
The national music and dance of the Dominican Republic.
Cha Cha Cha
A dance of Cuban origin, the name is onomatopoeic, derived from the rhythm of the güiro (scraper) and the shuffling of the dancers' feet, Originator: Enrique Jorrín in 1953.
Rumba
a rhythmic dance with Spanish and African elements, originating in Cuba.
Sforzando (sfz)
Sudden strong accent
Legato
smooth and connected
staccato
short and detached
Contrapuntal
having two or more independent but harmonically related melodic parts sounding together
Canonic
in canon form
Imitative
copying or following a model or example
Layered texture
Sections of music that are repeated again and again are loops. When lots of loops are played at the same time this is layered texture.
Unison
Sounding together
a cappella
without musical instruments as accompaniment
Conjunct
smooth, connected melody that moves principally by small intervals
Disjunct
a melody that moves by leaps
Triadic melody
A melody based on triads
Broken chords
The pitches of a chord played at different times so that the sounds are staggered.
Scalic
music that is based on scales ascending and/or descending in pitch.
Arpeggio
the playing of the tones of a chord in rapid succession rather than simultaneously
Passing notes
The notes used to move between notes found in the chord. Usually on weak beats.
Portamento
a smooth gliding from one note to another
Glissando
rapid slide up or down a scale
Pitch bend
a short slide up or down to a main note
slide (melody)
A slide from one note to another
Whole tone
a musical interval of two semitones
motif
A recurring theme, subject or idea
Scat melody
Improvised singing used in jazz with nonsense lyrics and syllables
Improvisation
a performance given without prior planning or preparation
Blue notes
a minor interval where a major would be expected, used especially in jazz.
Trill
A rapid alternation between two adjacent notes
Note 
Flashcard (20)