Compsci Lecture - Final Exam

Program design consists of

Steps a programmer should do before they start coding a program in a specific language

Pseudocode is

An informal high-level description of the operating principle of a computer program or algorithm

T/F - A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents an algorithm, workflow, or process

True

T/F - Software training involves the execution of a software component or system component to evaluate one or more properties of interest

True

IDE stands for

integrated development environment

debugging is the process of

solving errors in the source code

T/F - input is sending messages to the console/user

false

T/F - output is the process of reading information from the user, usually via keyboard or mouse

false

T/F - the MAIN method tells the program where to begin running code as it is the entry or starting point for the program

true

programming starts with

developing an algorithm

T/F - If the expression xyz % 3 == 0 is true and xyz is a positive integer, then the value stored in the variable xyz is evenly divisible by 3

true

What would be the best datatype to represent a product? A variable that stores information about the number of time currently in stock in a grocery store

int

What is the output of the following code?

BEGIN MAIN
  int num1 = 500;
  int num2 = 200;
  int num3 = 300;
  double average = num1 + num2 + num3 / 3;
  PRINTLINE(average);
END MAIN

800.0

What is the output of the following code?

BEGIN MAIN
  int u = 3;
  int v = 5;
  u += v;
  v += u;
  u -= v;
  v -= u;
  PRINT (u  +   ", "  +  v);
END MAIN

-5, 18

T/F - a String/string object is a primitive data type

false

What is the value of j after this code is executed?

BEGIN MAIN
  int i = 6, int j=10;
  j+=i;
END MAIN

16

Consider the expression: value >= 30

Which of the following is equivalent to this expression?

value > 30 OR value == 30

Consider two variables x and y. If the values of x = 5 and y = 10

BEGIN MAIN
  IF(x < 0) {
    PRINT "Mr.Spock"
  } ELSE { 
    IF (x > y) {
      PRINT "Captain Kirk"
  } ELSE {
    PRINT "Star Trek it is!"
    }
  }
END MAIN

What is displayed as the result of the code being executed?

Star Trek it is!

T/F - Imagine a game of Yahtzee where a roll of dice always returns an even number. 

Consider this code where the number is a variable that stores the value of the dice.

BEGIN MAIN
  CREATE result = number % 2;
  IF (result == 0)
  PRINT "TRUE"
  ELSE
  PRINT "FALSE"
END MAIN

What will the code display?

true

T/F - an if statement does not need to have an else clause

true

T/F - If the variable isTested is a Boolean, then the statement below if a valid control expression: IF(isTested)

true

T/F in programming && is considered an arithmetic operator

false

T/F - If x = 3, y = 1, and z = 5 then the following Boolean expression evaluates to true:

( x > 0) && (y == 0) || (z < 5)

false

The Boolean expression ((A AND B) AND (NOT(A AND B)) evaluates to

false in all cases

Which statement below will be true after the following code terminates?

BEGIN MAIN
  CREATE x = 0
  WHILE (x < 100) {
    x *= 2;
  }
END WHILE
END MAIN

the code won’t terminate; it’s an infinite loop

Consider this code: 

BEGIN MAIN
  int y=1;
  int x=1;
  PRINTLINE(x++);
END MAIN

What will this code print?

1

T/F - a relational ooperator used when comparing primitive data types is !=

true

T/F - a switch statement is similar to an if statement in that both are used to alter the flow of a program

true

T/F - pseudocode form of writing should be used only when the logic of the program is complex

false

T/F -  Is this valid syntax for a FOR loop?

BEGIN MAIN
  FOR(CREATE j = 0; j < 1000; j++) 
  PRINT(j) 
  END FOR
END MAIN

true

T/F - Consider the following code:

BEGIN MAIN
   CREATE list[] = {5, 10, 15, 20}
END MAIN

This would cause an error since there is no length/size included in the statement.

false

Select the correct declaration for a 2D array of 5 rows and 10 columns

CREATE myArray[5,10] OR CREATE myArray[5][10]

Which of the following correctly refers to the last element in the array of integers called numbers?

numbers[length of numbers-1]

T/F - an array index cannot be double, float, or String data types

true

 Consider the following code:

BEGIN MAIN
  CREATE values[7] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
  PRINTLINE (values[7])
END MAIN

What would happen when this code is executed?

it would print nothing as there is no index 7

T/F - you can only nest FOR loops

false

Consider the following code:

BEGIN MAIN
  CREATE arrayOne[5]
END MAIN

It stores 5 elements with legal indices from 0 to 4

T/F - 2D arrays are declared in row, column order, meaning first value is number of rows, second value is number of columns

true

T/F - Once an array is created, it cannot be resized during program execution

true

T/F - 2D arrays are still homogeneous

true

T/F - in general, the advantage of using a binary search over a linear search increases when searching larger sorted arrays

true

which of these sorts was not covered in the lecture slides?

merge

T/F - an array must be sorted for a Binary search to work properly

true

FOREACH loops cannot be used for which of the following tasks?

assignment

programming starts with

algorithm development

an algorithm is a

set of instructions

abstraction is the

level of detail

a good algorithm exhibits

precision, clarity, completeness, correctness, and simplicity

an algorithm can be described as

using a natural language, pictures and diagrams, and pseudocode or a specific programming language

all languages can

print to the screen

have variables and the ability to assign values to them

an entry point (a BEGIN and END) - a skeleton

can read text/numbers from the user

have basic operators

an application always contains a ____ method so that the program can be executed

MAIN

in object-oriented programming (OOP) language, MAIN is inside a _____

class

variable declaration indicates its ____ and possibly its _______ _____

type; initial value

a value is assigned using the assignment ________

operator

a constant value does not ______

change

data type tells

how much memory to allocate

the format in which to store data

the types of operations you will perform on data

primitive data types include

four integer types

two floating point types

character (char)

boolean

an expression is a combination of one or more _________ and ________

operators; operands

expressions evaluation follows ________ __________ ____

operator precedence rule (order of operations)

type conversion can be either ________ or _________ conversion

widening (promotion); narrowing (demotion)

arrays hold values of the ____ ____

same type

arrays are ______ in size

static

T/F - you can create an array of any type

true

you use a ____ to initialize or search arrays

loop

any time you have to visit an element in an array, you use ______ _____

nested loops

T/F - 2D arrays are like 1D arrays in nature

true

2D arrays use ______ _____ to traverse the array

nested loops

how many dimensions do array lists have?

1

array lists are _______ - they can grow and shrink

dynamic

searching an array list can be done either in ______ or ______ fashion

linear; binary

the linear search approach for array lists is slow and takes to the order of O(_)

O(n)

the binary search approach for array lists is much faster and takes to the order of O(_)

O(log(n))

T/F - bubble, selection, and insertion sort algorithms are relatively slow compared to other advanced sort methods

true

bubble, selection, and insertion sort algorithms perform to the order of O(_)

O(n²)

algorithm

a set of logical steps to accomplish a specific task; a set of instructions

abstraction

refers to the logical grouping of concept of objects; the level of detail

pseudocode

a mixture of languages not concerned with syntax, but concepts

skeletons

the smallest program you can write; define the entry/starting point of the program

variable

a name for a location in memory used to hold a data value

byte, int, short, long

float, double

char

boolean

what are the 8 primitive data types

expression

a combination of one or more operators and operands

true

T/F - while and do-while loops run an undetermined number of iterations

true

T/F - the for loop runs a predetermined number of iterations

counting loop

another name for a for loop

sentinel values

how the user controls a loop

sorting

the process of rearranging elements to be in a specific order

runtime stack

keeps track of active (currently running) methods in the program, and order of method calls

overloading

creating multiple functions with the same name but different parameters

object oriented programming

based on the concept of classes, from which objects are created

class

represents the concept of things in the real world; made of variables and methods

object

an entity in the real world that can be distinctly identified with a unique identity, state, and behavior

T/F - The following is an example of a valid program in Pseudocode

MAIN

false

T/F - Variables can be declared and initialized in one line of code

true

What type of error is present in the underlined C# code sample below?

public static void Main(string[] args)
{
  Console.WriteLine("Enter a number");
  int num = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
  int squared = num + num;
  Console.WriteLine(num + " squared is " + squared);
}

logic error

What type of error is present in the underlined C++ code sample below?

using namespace std;
int main()
{
    dble value = 12;
    cout << value << endl;
}

syntax error

Evaluate ((18 % 5) * 3) - (6 - 4) + 1
Assume all values are integers.

8

Evaluate as an integer: 5 + 3 / 2 * 4 – 2 % 1

9

Evaluate 10 - (40 + (20 / (10 - 5) * 2) / 4) + 50
Assume all values are integers.

18

T/F - In the equation 2 + 8 /4 * 2, the addition operation + is evaluated first.

false