Chapter 5 - Political developments in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1945–1980

Platt Amendment

________- allowed US intervention in Cuba whenever they pleased, deep US involvement created resentment, prohibited the Cuban government from entering into any international treaty that would compromise Cuban independence or allow foreign powers to use the island for military purposes, repealed in 1934.

José Mari

________ became a Cuban rebel leader and martyr.

USS Maine

________- blown up in 1898 in Havana harbour, resulting in US invasion of Cuba and end of Spanish rule there.

Guantánamo Bay

________- lease to the USA given by the clause of the Cuban constitution that forced the Cuban government to sell or lease territory for coaling or naval stations to the USA.

José Martí

________- Cuban national hero during the 1890s and leader of the independence movement from Spain.

Sierra Maestra Mountains

________- Castro, his brother Raúl, & Che Guevara plus their supporters fled here after a failed landing in Cuba in 1956.

Moncada Barracks

________- 26 July 1953 attack led by Fidel Castro that failed and resulted in the imprisoning of Castro.

Fulgencio Batist

________- supported the US government while he was president or ruling through a puppet president in 1940- 44 and 1952- 59.

Taíno

________- indigenous population to Cuba.

Boom

________ and bust- refers to economies that are dependent on exporting one product and who are therefore vulnerable to prices falling or rising, usually with devastating national results.

Land ownership

________- sugar plantations and cattle ranches owned 1 /4 of agricultural land, creating a large group of landless peasants.

Batista Government

________- characterized by brutal crackdown and the imprisonment or torture of dissidents.

Taíno

indigenous population to Cuba

USS Maine

blown up in 1898 in Havana harbour, resulting in US invasion of Cuba and end of Spanish rule there

Platt Amendment

allowed US intervention in Cuba whenever they pleased, deep US involvement created resentment, prohibited the Cuban government from entering into any international treaty that would compromise Cuban independence or allow foreign powers to use the island for military purposes, repealed in 1934

Guantánamo Bay

lease to the USA given by the clause of the Cuban constitution that forced the Cuban government to sell or lease territory for coaling or naval stations to the USA

Marine intervention in Cuba

1906, 1912, 1917

Batista Government

characterized by brutal crackdown and the imprisonment or torture of dissidents

José Martí

Cuban national hero during the 1890s and leader of the independence movement from Spain

Auténtico Party

Cuba's largest opposition party to Batista (1944-1952)

Ortodoxo Party

Splinter party from the Autentico Party in 1947, and they had nationalist ideals and were fed up with government corruption, Fidel Castro was a member

Land ownership

sugar plantations and cattle ranches owned 1/4 of agricultural land, creating a large group of landless peasants

boom and bust

refers to economies that are dependent on exporting one product and who are therefore vulnerable to prices falling or rising, usually with devastating national results

Playground of the Caribbean

Cuba had a tourist economy and 85% of all foreign investments were owned by the United States

Moncada Barracks

26 July 1953 attack led by Fidel Castro that failed and resulted in the imprisoning of Castro

History will Absolve Me Speech

Castro used his oratory skills in an impassioned speech at his trial but he was found guilty and imprisoned until 1955 and then exiled to Mexico

26th of July Movement

exiles called themselves this in remembrance of the Moncada uprising

Sierra Maestra Mountains

Castro, his brother Raúl, & Che Guevara plus their supporters fled here after a failed landing in Cuba in 1956

January 1959

Castro and his M-26-7 supporters took over and entered Havana using guerrilla warfare

Platt Amendment (1901) embedded in the new constitution

made Cuban American protectorate