HGAP VOCAB

STUDY!!!

Map

A 2-dimentional (flat) representation at a geographical area or place.

cartographer

A person who creates maps.

data aggregation

The process of collecting and organizing information.

spatial perspective

A geographical perspective that seeks to identify and explain the uses of space.

spatial patterns

The placement or arrangement of objects on Earth’s surface; also includes the space between those objects.

Time-distance decay

The principle that the interaction between two places decreases as the distance between them increases, often affecting the frequency of interactions.

map symbols

Graphic elements that help organize the information in a map, such as (but not limited to) dot, squares, and dotted lines.

Legend

A key on a map that explains the meaning of the symbols, colors, and patterns used to represent features.

compass rose

A figure on a map that displays the cardinal directions (North, South, East, and West) and helping users understand orientation.

Absolute direction

Direction based on cardinal points, such as north or south, rather than relative position.

map scale

The distance on a map in relation to distance in actual space. For example, 1 inch on a map might indicate 100 miles on a map.

scale

The territorial extent of an area or object

absolute distance

The distance can be measured with a standard unit of length, such as foot, yard, mile, or kilometer.

Relative distance

A measurements of the level of social, cultural, or economic similarity between places despite their absolute distance from each other.

Relative direction

A direction that can be described as position, such as in front of behind, to the left or to the right.

Elevation

Distance above sea level

Isoline

On a map, isoline connect or link different places that share common or equal value, such as elevation.

toposoraphic map

A graphic representation of the 3-dimensional configuration Earth’s surface.

Reference map

A map that shows geographical locations on Earth’s surface, such as the locations of cities or oceans

Thematic map

A map that emphasizes the spatial patterns of geographical statistics or attributes, and sometimes the relationships between them.

Choropleth map

A thematic map that show data aggregated for a specific geographical area, often using different colors to represent different values.

cartogram

A map that distorts the geographic shape of an area in order to show the size of a specific variable; the larger the area on a cartogram, the larger the value of the underlying variable.

Proportional or graduated cylinder map

A map that uses symbols (such as circles or dots) of different sizes to represent numerical values.

dot density or dot distribution map

A map that uses dots to represent objects or counts; he dot can represent one object (a one-to-one dot density map) or it can be represent a number of objects (a one-to-many dot density map).

map projection

a method for representing the surface of Earth or a cerestial sphere on a plane (2 dimensional) surface; all map projections distort some aspect of Earth’s surface.

Mercrator projection

A map projection that is useful for navigation because the lines connecting points on the map represent the true compass direction; however, landmasses become increasingly distorted the farther away they are from the equator.

peters projection

A map projection that shows all landmasses with their true areas but distorts their shapes.

polar projection

A map projection that looks down at Earth ROM the perspective of one of the poles (North pole or South pole)

Goode homosline projection

A map projection that avoids shape distortion and the restrictions of a rectangular map by creating “interruptions" in the map’s continuity in each section, map projections are shown “equally” like an orange peel being laid out in a flat surface.

Robinson projection

A map projection that attempts to create the most visually appealing representation of Earth by keeping all types of distortion relatively low for most of the map.

Census

An official contour survey of a population, typically recording various details about individuals, such as age, sex, and race.

Field work

Learning and doing research involving first-hand experience, which takes place outside the classroom setting.

Absolute location

A precise location on Earth´s surface.

Latitude (lines)

The (invisible) horizontal lines circling Earth parallel to the equator; latitude is the degree of distance North or South from the equator, which is at 0 degrees, as far as the poles which are at 90 degrees.

longitude (lines)

The (invisible) vertical lines on Earth’s surface that mark imaginary circles connecting the North pole with the South pole.

Prime meridian

The zero-degree longitude line that runs through Greenwich, England, also known as the Greenwich meridian.

Global positioning system (GPS)

A system of 24 satellites that orbit Earth twice daily and transmit radio signals Earthward; the basis for many map-based apps that provide directions on how to get from one place to another.

Geographical information system (GIS)

A software application for capturing, storing, checking, and displaying date related to positions on Earth’s surface; allows the rapid manipulations of geo spatial data for problem-solving and research.

remote sensing

The scanning of Earth by satellite or high-flying aircraft in order to obtain information about it.

Aerial photography

Remote-sensing photography produces fine-grained, high resolution, high detailed images.

Satellite imagery

Images of Earth’s surface gathered from sensors mounted on orbiting satellites; spectral sensors record in both the visible and non-visible portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing humans to view patterns and process that are both visible and invisible to the naked eye.