APUSH

Jamestown vs. Plymouth

Jamestown vs. Plymouth

Jamestown relied heavily on tobacco and Plymouth was a community known for shipping. religion: Plymouth was very religious and Jamestown wasn't as focused on that as they were trying to find new land.(Jamestown founded 4 wealth; Plymouth for religious freedom)

Pequot War

Conflict between English settlers and Pequot Indians over control of land and trade in eastern Connecticut. The Bay colonists wanted to claim Connecticut for themselves but it belonged to the Pequot. The colonists burned down their village and 400 were killed.

Effects of Pequot War

• near destruction of Pequot nation

• First major conflict with Native American group

King Philip's war causes

Colonists desire for more land

King Philip's war effects

Decimated many tribes.

Property damage were felt for years after.

King Philip's War

1675. longest and bloodiest conflict between settlers and natives in 17th century, native Wampanoags under KIng Phillip ( Indian Chieftain) resisted England encroachment on their land, they killed many settlers in Mass, English joined with Mohawks to defeat them. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians

The Pequot War causes of conflict

Rising tension btwn settlers & Pequot over land and control of trade

North

manufacturing(fishing, logging, iron,ship building)

South

Agricultural(cash crops)

Mercantilism

An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought; economic system European powers use to became wealthy

More raw materials...

The more items you can manufacture

More items you manufacture

Economic independence, increase in wealth(more you make, more you spend for military & empire)

Salem Witch Trials

(Pre-Enlightenment)1629 outbreak of witchcraft accusations in a Massachussetts Bay puritan village marked by an atmosphere of fear, hysteria and stress.

What role did the salem witch trials play in early times?

People were turning against each other and the government supporting these accusations;lesson= don't give to much power to those in charge

Great Awakening

Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established.

Jonathan Edwards

American theologian whose sermons and writings stimulated a period of renewed interest in religion in America (1703-1758); Preacher during the First Great Awakening; "Sinners in the hands of angry god"(Don't like established organizations)

Salem witch trials brought..

The enlightenment

Where did the enlightenment blossom?

France & England

What did enlightenment philosopher believe?

Believed that one could apply reason & logic to all aspects of life

Englightenment thinkers sought to what?

Improve society by challenging the authorities with their own beliefs.

Relationship btwn colonies prior to the F/I War

Colonies relied on britain for trade

Join or Die

the first political cartoon in North America created by Ben Franklin; shows a snake chopped up and with the acronyms of the colonies; it was made to try and get colonists to unite and fight against the French in the French and Indian War.

French and Indian War

(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.

French and Indian War Causes

*Both France and England want possession of the Ohio River Valley.

*Most Native American groups fought with the French.

French and Indian War effects

• Britain defeats France

• Native Americans suffer under British domination

• Britain bans further incursions into Native American territory

• England gained debt, so they put taxes on colonists

Pontiac's Rebellion

1763 - An Indian uprising after the French and Indian War, led by an Ottowa chief named Pontiac. They opposed British expansion into the western Ohio Valley and began destroying British forts in the area. The attacks ended when Pontiac was killed.

Pontiac's rebellion effect

The proclamation line of 1763(no crossing the Appalachian mountains)

Pontiac's rebellion cause

Growing tension btwn American Indians & the british gov; the tribes feared lands & hunting grounds would be overrun by colonial settlers

What caused the revolution?

Proclamation, of '63, writs of assistance, stamp, quartering act, Boston massacre, BTP, intolerable acts, 1st continental congress, powder alarm

Proclamation of 1763

An order in which Britain prohibited its American colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains

Writs of Assistance

legal document that enabled officers to search homes and warehouses for goods that might be smuggled

Stamp act

1765; british parliament law that taxed printed goods, including: playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc; raised revenue from the American colonies by a duty in the form of a stamp required on all newspapers and legal or commercial documents

Quartering Act

1765 - Required the colonials to provide food, lodging, and supplies for the British troops in the colonies.

Boston Massacre

The first bloodshed of the American Revolution (1770), as British guards at the Boston Customs House opened fire on a crowd killing five Americans

Boston Tea Party

A 1773 protest against British taxes in which Boston colonists disguised as Mohawks dumped valuable tea into Boston Harbor.

Intolerable acts

in response to Boston Tea Party, 4 acts passed in 1774, Port of Boston closed, reduced power of assemblies in colonies, permitted royal officers to be tried elsewhere, provided for quartering of troop's in barns and empty houses

1st Continental Congress

On September 1774, delegates from 12 colonies gathered in Philadelphia. After debating, the delegates passed a resolution backing Mass. in its struggle. Decided to boycott all British goods and to stop exporting goods to Britain until the Intolerance Act was canceled.

Powder alarm

gage sent troops to capture a supply of gunpowder just outside boston and in the surprise of the attack false news spread that troops had fired on defenders and killed six men. 24 hours later thousands of armed men came ready to avenge bloodshed

What caused America to win revolution?

2nd cont. congress, evacuation day, washington's leadership, common sense, alliance with France post-Saratoga

2nd continental congress

Approved the creation of a Continental Army and the Declaration of Independence.

Evacuation day

the day that British troops were forced to leave Boston

Washington's leadership

Elected unanimously; served with soldiers in different wars;

George Washington

1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution (1732-1799)

Common Sense

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies had a right to be an independent nation

Alliance with France(post Saratoga)

France provided crucial military support, which strengthened the americans

AOC Weaknesses

1. Congress had no power to a) raise taxes b) regulate foreign or state trade c) enforce laws d) enforce treaties 2) Laws had to be approved by 9 out of 13 states 3) Shays' Rebellion is a product of the AoC 4) little respect from foreign nations (couldn't pay back debts) 5) issued worthless paper $

AOC vs. Constitution

AOC was weak

Constitution had different laws

Constitution

3 branches of government

Shay's Rebellion

Rebellion led by Daniel Shays of farmers in western Massachusetts in 1786-1787, protesting mortgage foreclosures. It highlighted the need for a strong national government just as the call for the Constitutional Convention went out.(showed gov.'s inability to pay war vets, refusal to print money)

Shay's rebellion effects

Accelerated calls to reform the articles. Resulted in Philadelphia con even iron of 1787

Federalism vs. Anti-Federalism

-federalism= thought the Articles of Confederation were weak and argued for the ratification of the constitution

-anti-federalism= objected to the Constitution for many reasons, including the strong central government and the lack of a bill of rights

Federalism

A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments

Anti-Federalism

those who opposed the new Constitution because of their fear of the new government's centralized power

Great Compromise

Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house; clear division of power + bi-cameras legislature

3/5 Compromise

the decision at the Constitutional convention to count slaves as 3/5 of a person for the purpose of deciding the population and determining how many seats each state would have in Congress

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution

1st Amendment

Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition

Washington Cabinet

included departments of State, Treasury, and War and the offices of Attorney General and Postmaster General.

Secretary of State - Thomas Jefferson

Secretary of Treasury - Alexander Hamilton

Departments designed to help the president lead the nation and make decisions

Whiskey Rebellion

1794 protest against the government's tax on whiskey by backcountry farmers. Enforced the idea that the new government had the right to levy a particular tax that would impact citizens in all states

Washington's policy toward foreign relations

Avoided deadly wars; policy focused on protecting the independence of the new nation

John Adams

Sectionalism/partisanism; alien sedition acts

Sectionalism

Loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole

Partisanism

Placing interests of one party over the nations as a whole

Jefferson led which party?

Republican(strong state gov., encourage farming)

Hamilton led which party?

Federalists(strong military + big government)

Alien + Sedition Acts

gave the president power to expel "dangerous" aliens and outlawed "scandalous" publications against eh government?

Immigrants had to wait years to become citizens

Jefferson

Louisiana Purchase, slave trade ends, embargo act

Louisiana Purchase

1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from France. Made by Jefferson, this doubled the size of the US($15 million).

Embargo Act

1807 act which ended all of America's importation and exportation. Jefferson hoped the act would pressure the French and British to recognize U.S. neutrality rights in exchange for U.S. goods. Really, however, just hurt Americans and our economy and got repealed in 1809.

Madison

War Hawks, tecumseh + war of 1812, & Hartford convention(end of Federalist Party)

War hawks

Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain. They had a strong sense of nationalism, and they wanted to takeover British land in North America and expand.

Tecumseh

A Shawnee chief who, a religious leader known as The Prophet, worked to unite the Northwestern Indian tribes. The league of tribes was defeated by an American army led by William Henry Harrison at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811. Tecumseh was killed fighting for the British during the War of 1812 at the Battle of the Thames in 1813.

War of 1812

A war (1812-1814) between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France. A war against Britain gave the U.S. an excuse to seize the British northwest posts and to annex Florida from Britain's ally Spain, and possibly even to seize Canada from Britain. The War Hawks (led by Clay and Calhoun) argued for war in Congress. U.S. troops led by Andrew Jackson seized Florida and at one point the British managed to invade and burn Washington, D.C. The Treaty of Ghent (December 1814) restored the status quo and required the U.S. to give back Florida. Two weeks later, Andrew Jackson's troops defeated the British at the Battle of New Orleans, not knowing that a peace treaty had already been signed.

War of 1812 causes

caused by pre existing past revolution, British influence on Native Americans, violation of trading rights ;American outrage over the impressment of American sailors by the British, the British seizure of American ships, and British aid to the Indians attacking the Americans on the western frontier.

War of 1812 Effects

America proved it could protect itself

America became more independent in trade (created their own goods)

The war strengthened American nationalism and encouraged the growth of industry

Monroe

Missouri Compromise, cotton gin/slavery expands, doctrine, american colonization society

Missouri Compromise

an agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states.

Cotton Gin

A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers(separated it), invented by Eli Whitney in 1793; slavery expanded

Monroe Doctrine

A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere.

American Colonization Society

A Society that thought slavery was bad. They would buy land in Africa and get free blacks to move there. One of these such colonies was made into what now is Liberia. Most sponsors just wanted to get blacks out of their country.

Quincy Adams

Corrupt Bargain, Eerie Canal

Corrupt Bargain

In the election of 1824, none of the candidates were able to secure a majority of the electoral vote, thereby putting the outcome in the hands of the House of Representatives, which elected John Quincy Adams over rival Andrew Jackson. Henry Clay was the Speaker of the House at the time, and he convinced Congress to elect Adams. Adams then made Clay his Secretary of State.

Eerie Canal

Its construction began in 1817 and ended in 1825 providing a route through the Great Lakes, giving direct access to the West.

Andrew Jackson

The seventh President of US, who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers. 1st election with universal white male suffrage.

What did jackson get famous for?

Battle of New Orleans

Indian Removal Act

Passed in 1830, authorized Andrew Jackson to negotiate land-exchange treaties with tribes living east of the Mississippi. The treaties enacted under this act's provisions paved the way for the reluctant—and often forcible—emigration of tens of thousands of American Indians to the West. a congressional act that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River.

Who vetoed the Bank of the United States?

Andrew Jackson

Nullification Crisis

A sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson created by the Ordinance of Nullification, an attempt by the state of South Carolina to nullify a federal law - the tariff of 1828 - passed by the United States Congress.

Whig Party established

1834

Texas Independence

American slave owners revolted against the Mexican government when they banned slavery. This created disputes over the land's ownership.

Manifest Destiny(slavery debate begins)

the 19th-century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable.; US should expand westward(Mexico)

Abolitionist movement

Sparked by 2nd great awakening

Transcendentalism

A philosophy pioneered by Ralph Waldo Emerson in the 1830's and 1840's, in which each person has direct communication with God and Nature, and there is no need for organized churches. incorporated the ideas that mind goes beyond matter, intuition is valuable, that each soul is part of the Great Spirit. Promoted individualism, self-reliance, and freedom from social constraints, and emphasized emotions.

Horace Mann

1st secretary for the board of education(education reform)

Free soil party

A political party dedicated to stopping the expansion of slavery

Compromise of 1850

(1) California admitted as free state, (2) territorial status and popular sovereignty of Utah and New Mexico, (3) resolution of Texas-New Mexico boundaries, (4) federal assumption of Texas debt, (5) slave trade abolished in DC, and (6) new fugitive slave law; advocated by Henry Clay and Stephen A. Douglas

Fugitive Slave Laws

series of laws that required people in the North to turn in run away slaves

Underground Railroad

a system of secret routes used by escaping slaves to reach freedom in the North or in Canada

Frederick Douglass

(1817-1895) American abolitionist and writer, he escaped slavery and became a leading African American spokesman and writer.

Sojourner Truth

United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery and became a leading advocate of the abolition of slavery and for the rights of women (1797-1883)