C2 - Phases of Economic Thought Development in Islam

Revealed Knowledge

Foundation of Islamic economics from Qur'an and Sunnah.

Qur'an

Word of God revealed to Prophet Muhammad.

Sunnah

Prophet Muhammad's practices and explanations.

Thought

Human interpretations of divine teachings.

Qiyas

Analogical reasoning used in Islamic jurisprudence.

Ijtihad

Original reasoning to address new issues.

Usul al-fiqh

Juristic logic based on Islamic sources.

First Phase

Formation period of Islamic economic thought.

Juristic Logic

Rules derived from Qur'an and Sunnah.

Zayd bin Ali

Leading scholar in Islamic jurisprudence.

Abu Hanifah

Founder of the Hanafi school of thought.

Malik

Founder of the Maliki school of thought.

Shafi'i

Founder of the Shafi'i school of thought.

Ahmad bin Hanbal

Founder of the Hanbali school of thought.

Kitab al-Kharaj

Work by Abu Yusuf on taxation.

Kitab al-Kasb

Work by Muhammad al-Shayban on economic activities.

Zakah

Obligatory almsgiving in Islamic finance.

Inheritance

Distribution of property after death in Islam.

Taxation

Government revenue collection methods in Islam.

Second Phase

Translation period of foreign economic works.

Khalid al-Walid

Advised the establishment of diwan for administration.

Diwan

Office or register for administrative purposes.

Khalid b. Yazid

Initiated systematic translation of classical works.

Bayt al-Hikmah

House of Wisdom established by al-Ma'mun.

Translation Period

Era of translating ancient sciences into Arabic.

Arab-Indian Numerals

Numerical system showcasing East-West intellectual exchange.

Impact of Translations

Revived ancient works, preventing their oblivion.

Traditionalists

Scholars rejecting Greek ideas, valuing Islamic knowledge.

Mutakallimūn

Scholastics distinguishing beneficial ideas from harmful ones.

Muslim Philosophers

Scholars integrating Greek philosophy with Islamic thought.

Al-Kinani

Representative of traditionalist scholars rejecting Greek influences.

Al-Ghazali

Prominent mutakallimūn synthesizing Islamic and Greek ideas.

Al-Kindi

Muslim philosopher supporting Greek philosophical ideas.

Oikonomia

Translated as 'ilm tadbīr al-manzil', household management science.

Ethics

Known as 'ilm al-akhlāq', branch of Greek philosophy.

Politics

Referred to as 'ilm al-siyāsah', another Greek philosophy branch.

Fifth/Eleventh Century

End of significant translation movement in Islamic scholarship.

Al-Farra

Traditionalist scholar opposing Greek philosophical ideas.

Al-Sarakhsi

Another representative of the traditionalist group.

Al-Mawardi

Mutakallimūn scholar assessing Islamic versus Greek thought.

Fakhr al-Din al-Razi

Influential mutakallimūn synthesizing diverse philosophical ideas.

Ibn Sina

Muslim philosopher deeply influenced by Greek philosophy.

Al-Suhrawardi al-Maqtul

Philosopher associated with later Islamic philosophical thought.

Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

Later philosopher contributing to Islamic philosophical discourse.

Sufis

Followers of Sufism emphasizing divine worship and devotion.

Asceticism

Lifestyle rejecting worldly pleasures for spiritual growth.

Zuhd

Ascetic behavior not rejecting worldly affluence.

Translation Period

Era of translating and disseminating economic ideas.

Helmut Ritter

German scholar tracing Islamic economics to Bryson.

Neo-Pythagorean Bryson

Early economic ideas influencing Islamic thought.

Sufism

Mystical Islamic movement focusing on spiritual experience.

Altruism

Selfless concern for the well-being of others.

Hellenistic Influence

Cultural blend affecting early Islamic spiritual movements.

Economic Literature of Islam

Body of work analyzing Islamic economic principles.

Macro-Economic Relations

Large-scale economic interactions emphasized by Keynes.

Prophet's Example

Balanced life approach demonstrated by Prophet Muhammad.

Imbalanced Asceticism

Extreme rejection of worldly life contrary to Islam.

Tasawwuf

Islamic term for Sufism and its practices.

Divine Worship

Religious devotion directed towards Allah.

Material Wealth

Physical possessions often viewed with caution in Islam.

Economic Thought

Intellectual exploration of economic principles and practices.

Sufi Movement

Cult-like development of Sufism in later centuries.

Syrian Monasticism

Early Christian practice influencing Islamic asceticism.

Spiritual Progress

Advancement towards divine connection and understanding.

Sufi Representatives

Notable figures in Sufism's development and teachings.

Sufism's Origins

Theories linking Sufism to various cultural influences.

Economic Altruism

Focus on serving others over accumulating wealth.

Material Values

Focus on non-material virtues for happiness.

Al-Dimashqi

Author of 'The Guide to the Virtues of Trade'.

Translation Period

First phase of Islamic economic thought development.

Retranslation Period

Third phase involving translation to European languages.

Greco-Arab Sciences

Muslim scholars' contributions to Greek philosophy.

Translation Age

Period before the Western Renaissance marked by translations.

Muhaddithūn

Traditionalists whose works were less translated.

Al-Ghazali

Author of 'Ihyā' Ulūm al-Dīn', influential in philosophy.

Hukamā'

Muslim philosophers whose works were widely translated.

Ibn Sina

Prominent Muslim philosopher and physician.

Al-Farabi

Notable Muslim philosopher known for political theory.

Ibn Bajjah

Muslim thinker contributing to philosophy and science.

Ibn Rushd

Commentator on Aristotle, influential in the West.

Christian West

Region that adopted and translated Islamic knowledge.

Vernacular Language

Informal spoken language, often of lower status.

Translation from Arabic

Process of translating Islamic works to Latin.

Transmission of Knowledge

Sharing of ideas through translation and teaching.

European Capitals

Cities where translation of Muslim works occurred.

Sicily and Spain

Regions where Muslim knowledge was appropriated post-conquest.

Aristotle's Economic Views

Found in 'Politics' and 'Nicomachean Ethics'.

Catalan Language

Similar to Spanish but related to French.

Ethical Discourses

Economic ideas intertwined with philosophical discussions.

European Students

Traveled to Muslim lands for advanced learning.

Philosophical Works

Economic ideas translated alongside philosophical texts.