Urinary System

What structure is superior to the kidneys?

Left and right adrenal gland

What are the three structures which sit anteriorly to the right kidney?

Right lobe of liver

Duodenum

Hepatic flexure

What are the five structures that sit anterior to the left kidney?

Left lobe of the liver

Jejunum

Splenic flexure

Spleen

Stomach

What are the two structures that sit posteriorly to the kidneys?

Diaphragm

Posterior abdominal muscles

What are the two functions of the urinary system?

Excreting wastes

Maintains homeostasis

What are the four structures of the urinary system?

Two kidneys

Two ureters

Urinary bladder

Urethra

What is the location of the kidneys?

Posterior and Retroperitoneal

What are the components of the structure of the kidneys?

Outer fibrous capsule

Cortex

Medulla

Hilum

Minor and major calyx

Renal pelvis

Ureter

What is the structure of the calyces and pelvis walls?

Lined with transitional epithelium

Contain smooth muscle

What are the four structures of a nephron?

Glomerular capsule

Proximal convoluted tubule

Medullary loop

Distal convoluted tubule leading to collecting duct

What does EGFR stand for?

Estimated glomerular filtrate rate

What is a horseshoe kidney?

Asymptomatic renal fusion where both kidneys are connected

What is the function of the ureters?

Carry urine from kidneys to urinary bladder

What is the location of the ureter?

Passes behind the peritoneum

Sits in front of psoas muscle

Passes obliquely through posterior bladder wall

How do the ureters prevent backflow of urine?

Accumulation of urine increases pressure

Compression of the ureters closes ureter openings into the bladder

Occurs when bladder fills and during micturition

What are the three layers of tissue in the ureters?

Fibrous connective tissue

Muscular layer

Mucosa

What is the structure of the bladder?

Pear shaped when empty, ballon shaped when filled

Opens into urethra

Covered by peritoneum superiorly

What are the two different continuations of the posterior peritenomeum off of the bladder based on different sex?

Surrounds the uterus in cisgender females

Surrounds the rectum in cisgender males

What are the three layers of the urinary bladder wall?

Outer loose connective tissue

Interlacing smooth muscle and elastic tissue

Inner mucosa layer

When are the rugae present in the bladder?

When the bladder is empty

What are the three orifices of the bladder?

Upper two are openings of the ureters

Lower is the opening into the urethra

What is the trigone?

Triangular formation of bladder orifices

What is the urethra?

Passage between neck of bladder through external urethral orifice

What are the unique features of a biologically male urethra?

Longer than female

Associated with urinary and reproductive systems

What are the unique features of a of a biologically female urethra?

Shorter urethra

Runs between symphysis pubis and open in front of the vagina