Period 5 1844-1877 (Tarasco)

Manifest Destiny

19th-century belief in U.S. territorial expansion.

American Exceptionalism

Belief in the U.S. as a unique nation.

Native American Displacement

Forced removal of tribes due to expansion.

Texas Annexation

1845 incorporation of Texas into the U.S.

Mexican-American War

Conflict (1846-1848) over territorial disputes.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

1848 treaty ending the Mexican-American War.

Gadsden Purchase

1853 land purchase for southern railroad route.

James K. Polk

11th President, advocate of Manifest Destiny.

Stephen Kearney

Military leader in acquiring New Mexico.

John C. Fremont

Explorer involved in California's Bear Flag Revolt.

Zachary Taylor

Union general in the Mexican-American War.

Winfield Scott

Key Union general during the Mexican-American War.

Sectional Tensions

Rising conflicts over slavery in new territories.

Compromise of 1850

Series of laws addressing slavery disputes.

Dred Scott Decision

1857 ruling denying citizenship to African Americans.

Henry Clay

Crafted the Compromise of 1850.

Stephen Douglas

Advocated for popular sovereignty in territories.

Roger B. Taney

Chief Justice who ruled in Dred Scott case.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin, anti-slavery advocate.

Civil War

Conflict (1861-1865) over states' rights and slavery.

Emancipation Proclamation

1863 decree freeing slaves in Confederate states.

Battle of Antietam

Bloodiest single day in U.S. history.

Battle of Gettysburg

Turning point favoring the Union in Civil War.

Abraham Lincoln

16th President, led Union during Civil War.

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederate States.

Robert E. Lee

Confederate general, known for tactical skills.

Ulysses S. Grant

Union general, pivotal in securing victory.

Reconstruction

Period focused on rebuilding the South post-war.

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery in the United States.

Freedmen's Bureau

Assisted freed slaves with education and housing.

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Granted citizenship to all born in the U.S.

Andrew Johnson

President after Lincoln, lenient towards the South.

Thaddeus Stevens

Leader of Radical Republicans advocating for civil rights.

Charles Sumner

Radical Republican championing rights for freedmen.

Abolitionist Movement

Campaign to end slavery and promote equality.

Ku Klux Klan

White supremacist group formed in 1866.

Black Codes

Laws limiting rights of African Americans post-war.

Jim Crow Laws

Legislation enforcing racial segregation in the South.

Harriet Tubman

Abolitionist and key figure in Underground Railroad.

Frederick Douglass

Former enslaved person, leading abolitionist advocate.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Novel influencing Northern anti-slavery sentiment.

Radical Republicans

Group advocating for strict Reconstruction policies.