Essay 4

Hume thinks government came from

naturally overtime, people taking over one another and countries moving, there was no distinct contract that tied people into gov

People obey the gov-hume

because we are used to having it and it is useful to us

Tacit consent is not valuable-hume

Because citizens can’t agree by staying if leaving would ruin them

Its only okay to rebel- Hume 

when the harm the gov is giving is worse than the harm of a war 

What gives us ideas and drives motives- Hume

passion

what is the logic behind those decisions- Hume

reason

Morality comes from what- Hume

Feelings not reason

Three types of knowledge - Kant

Ethos- how humans should act

Logic- correct thinking

Physics- Science 

Priori vs postori - Kant

priori- something you knew before like common knowledge

Postori- something you have to learn by experience

What is the only thing that is good within itself- Kant

a good will

acting from duty- Kant

Moral

Acting from accordance- Kant

looks moral but really has selfish intentions

True mortalily- Kant

Self governed by reason

Heteronomy- Kant 

controlled by your desire

World of Sense- Kant

ruled by causes and desires

World of understanding- Kants

Ruled by reason and free will

Mills thinks that actions are right if

they cause happiness and wrong if they cause unhappiness

Two types of pleasure- Mills

lower- food sex sleep

Higher- friendship, learning, reading

Two types of sanctions- Mills 

internal and external 

Internal sanction- Mills

Empathy, guilt, having a conscience

External sanction- Mills

Religion, laws, public standards

Justice comes from- Mills

Utility- fairness to make everyone feel safer and happier

Types of Justice- mills 

legal- laws

moral- doing right beyond laws

social- fairness in opportunities among all people