Biology

Variation

Differences between individuals of the same species, which can be genetic or environmental.

Genetic variation

Variation in the DNA sequences of individuals, often resulting from mutations and sexual reproduction.

Natural selection

The process by which individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to evolution.

Selective breeding

The intentional breeding of organisms with desirable traits to produce offspring with those traits.

Survival of the fittest

A concept that describes the idea that individuals with adaptations better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Adaptation

A characteristic that improves an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment.

Phenotype

The observable traits or characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype and the environment.

Genotype

The genetic constitution of an individual, which may or may not be expressed in the phenotype.