Physical Science Module 4
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47 Terms
In a balanced chemical equation, what of each element is the same on both sides of the equation?
the number of atoms of each element
What describes a chemical reaction by using chemical symbols for the elements involved?
a chemical equation
What are substances undergoing a reaction called?
reactants
What are products?
substances generated by a reaction
How are physical states indicated following a formula?
with a parenthetical abbreviation
When do bonds break?
in reactants
When do new bonds form?
in products
When energy is absorbed ______, When energy is released _______.
bonds break, bonds form
What is bond energy?
the energy required to break a bond
If the energy released is greater than the energy required to break bonds, what type of reaction is it?
an exothermic reaction
If the energy required to break bonds is greater than the energy released, then it’s what type of reaction?
an endothermic reaction
What are the 6 evidences of a chemical reaction?
change in color
change of odor
formation of bubbles
formation of precipitate
change in energy
How does an irreversible reaction occur?
in only one direction
In what type of reaction are reactants formed from products?
a reverse reaction
What happens in chemical equilibrium?
the concentrations of reactants and products doesn’t change with time
What is it called when the rate of formation equals the rate of consumption?
Equilibrium
What are diatomic atoms?
atoms that don’t occur as single atoms
In a balanced chemical equation, what is the total mass of the reactants equal to?
the total mass of the products
What cannot be changed when balancing an equation?
the subscripts
write equation down
count the total number of atoms on each side
change coefficients of elements that appears only once on each side, if not balanced
balance all atoms besides hydrogen and oxygen
balance oxygen and hydrogen
check your work
Steps in balancing chemical equations
which type of reaction results in the joining of components that were formerly separate?
Synthesis reactions
A synthesis reaction has…..
2 or more reactants and 1 product
2H2 (g) + O2 (g) ——> 2 H2O is an example of what type of reaction?
a synthesis reaction
A decomposition reaction does what?
it breaks down a larger substance into it’s constituent parts
A decomposition reaction has….
1 reactant and 2 or more products
2 H2O ————> 2 H2 + O2 is an example of what type of reaction?
a decomposition reaction
Which type of reaction occurs when a reductant and an oxidant react and produce significant amounts of heat?
a combustion reaction
what type of reaction has oxygen as one reactant and carbon dioxide and water as products?
a combustion reaction
Cx + Hy + O2 ————> CO2 + H2O is an example of what type of reaction?
a combustion reaction
What happens in a single replacement reaction?
an ion in a solution is displaced via the oxidation of a metallic element
What type of reactant has an element and compound on both sides of the equation?
A single replacement reaction
What happens in double replacement reactions?
Positive and negative ions in 2 compounds switch places to form new compounds
Which type of reaction has 2 compounds on both reactant and product sides?
A double replacement reaction
What are the three steps to predict products of combustion reactions?
Identify if the reactions are hydrocarbons and oxygen
If so, products are carbon dioxide and water
Balance the equation
What is required for a single replacement reaction to take place?
The element being displaced is less reactive than the displacing element
What are the four steps to predict products of a single replacement reaction?
Determine if the reactants are a single element and a compound
Determine if a reaction occurs based on reactivity
Replace single element with the corresponding element in compound
Balance the equation
What is enthalpy?
A measure of stored chemical energy or heat content for a given pressure
In an endothermic reaction, H is…..
Greater than 0
H is less than 0 in what type of reaction?
Exothermic reaction
What type of reaction has reactants with less energy than products?
Endothermic reactions
An exothermic reaction has reactants with…
More energy than it’s products
What does the law of conservation of energy state?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only change form
What is the minimum amount of energy needed for a reaction to occur called?
Activation energy
What state requires activation energy to begin?
The transition state
What are the 6 factors affecting rates?
Chemical nature of reactants
Surface area of solid reactants
Concentration of reactants
Pressure of the reactants
Temperature of reactants
Presence of a catalyst
What do the factors, surface area of solid reactants, concentrations of reactants, and pressure of the reactants have in common?
As they increase the rate of reaction becomes faster