APUSH: Industrial Revolution

Period 4

Annexation of Texas

1836 US denied Texas’ request to be annexed as a US state because
1) border disputes
2)balance of power

After James K Polk won in 1845, people supports the annexation and began war with the Mexicans

War with mexico 1848

Expression of the Manifest Destiny

America won
Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago
Most of west coast given to the US
States included: CA, NV, UT, AR

Antebellum Period

“Before the (civil) war”
1820-1860
Between Missouri Compromise and Civil War
The different reforms during this time:
Second Awakening
Abolitionism
Temperance
Women’s Rights

Who is Nat Turner?

1 of the most famous enslaved rebels, who led uprising in VA 1831

Industrial Revolution

Time of great innovations:
Cotton Gin (Eli Whitney)
Steam Ships (James Watt, Robert Fulton, Peter Cooper)
Telegraph (Samuel Morse)

In the US it began with the invention of the cotton gin, interchangeable parts, and the textile factory system. It sparked a huge growth in unskilled labor because goods could be manufactured en mass with machines, ending the need for apprenticeships to learn a trade. But as the need for skilled labor decreased, so did the average wage of workers.
People’s days changed from depending on the sun to depending on clocks

Lowell Mills

part of the start of the industrial revolution. In the Lowell Mills, cotton was transformed into cloth all under one roof, and because the mills were fast and efficient, the cloth could be mass produced.

Mainly employed native-born, single White women from rural areas (called the Lowell Mills Girls)

What was the Monroe Doctrine?

warned European powers not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere (no new colonies)

What was the Manifest Destiny?

a 19th-century American belief that the United States was destined by God to expand its territory across the entire North American continent.

It is expressed most clearly in the declaration of war against Mexico in 1846

What transportation method connected the interior of the US the most significantly during the 1800’s?

Most significantly were railroads in the mid-1800s (In the early 1800s, steamboats covered the western rivers and canals were important in the northeast, but by 1860, over 30,000 miles of railroad tracks had been laid and then the Transcontinental Railroad was built.)

Transcontinental Railroad

The first transcontinental railroad, built between 1864 and 1869, was did not actually cross the continent, but it was the greatest construction project of its era.

Who worked in the Middle Class families prior to the Civil War?

Tradesmen, brokers, and other professionals (doctors, engineer, lawyers etc.)

Who was Samuel Slater?

industrial spy and businessman, memorized British textile factory plans which mechanized spinning (turn cotton into thread), and built factories in the U.S.

Why did the Lowell System fail?

Increased competition in the textile industry had forced factory owners to cut wages, lengthen hours and raise housing rates to stay profitable. The workers staged strikes, closing down the factory. It was one of the first strikes that ever took place in the US, but the strikes failed to improve condition. Beginning in 1846, the arrival of the Irish ended the Lowell System. They werewilling to work for low wages so the system was no longer needed.

Who was John C Calhoun?

pro-slavery Democrat from South Carolina, called antslavery supporters violent, also said that slavery was GOOD for the slaves

What was the American System?

was a program for economic development championed by Henry Clay after the War of 1812. Clay's idea was that the federal government should help the nations economy by

1) implementing high protective tariffs to support manufacturing and

2) pay for internal improvements especially in transportation such as roads and canals and

3) create a

How was the economic growth of the Great Lakes region in the early 19th Century most facilitated by/

the completion of the Erie Canal

Which of the following best describes the financial crisis brought on by sharply falling cotton prices, declining demand for American exports, and reckless western land speculation

The Panic of 1819 (first financial crisis of America