Respiration

What is the full name of ATP?

adenosine triphosphate

What does ATP break down into?

ADP + pi

What enzyme catalyses the breakdown of ATP?

ATP hydrolase

What enzyme catalyses the making of ATP?

ATP synthase

Where is ATP made?

mitochondria and cytoplasm

What are the uses of ATP? (AMMMMP)

active transport

movement

metabolism

maintenance, repair and division

maintenance of body temperature

photosynthesis

Properties of ATP

immediate source of energy

soluble in water

universal energy

What are the four stages of aerobic respiration?

glycolysis

link reaction

krebs cycle

electron transport chain

Where does glycolysis take place?

cytoplasm

What is oxidation? (in terms of hydrogen)

loss of hydrogen

What is reduction? (in terms of hydrogen)

gain of hydrogen

What is a coenzyme?

a molecule that transfers a chemical group from one thing to another

What is the first stage of glycolysis?

glucose is phosphorylated to phosphorylated glucose

What is the second stage of glycolysis?

phosphorylated glucose splits into two triosphosphate molecules

What is used to make Phosphorylated glucose?

2 ATP

What is the third stage of glycolysis?

triosphosphate is oxidised to pyruvate

NAD is reduced to NADH

2 ATP is made

What are the products of glycolysis?

2 ATP

2 NADH

2 pyruvate

Where does the Link reaction and Krebs cycle happen?

matrix of the mitochondria

By what process does pyruvate pass into the mitochondria?

active transport

What is the link reaction?

pyruvate get decarboxylated to acetate

acetate joins with coenzyme A to make acetyl coenzymeA

NAD is reduced to NADH

the carbon from pyruvate is oxidised to carbon dioxide

What are the products of the link reaction?

2 acetyl coenzymeA

carbon dioxide

2 NADH

What is the four carbon molecule called in the krebs cycle?

oxaloacetate

What is the six carbon molecule called in the krebs cycle?

citrate

What happens in the first stage of the krebs cycle?

acetyl coenzymeA becomes acetate and binds with a four carbon molecule to make a six carbon molecule

What is the second stage of the krebs cycle?

the six carbon molecule gets decarboxylated to a five carbon molecule

NAD is reduced to NADH

carbon oxidised to carbon dioxide

What happens in the third stage of the krebs cycle?

the five carbon molecule is decarboxylated to a four carbon molecule

FAD is reduced to FADH

carbon is oxidised to carbon dioxide

What happens between the six carbon molecule and the four carbon molecule in the krebs cycle?

substrate level phosphorylation

makes ATP

What are the products of the krebs cycle?

2 ATP

2 FADH

2 NADH

4 carbon dioxide

Where does the electron transport chain take place?

cristae of the mitochondria

What is the first step of the electron transport chain?

NADH and FADH are oxidised and the protons are passed through a proton pump into the intermembrane space

What happens to the electrons in the electron transport chain?

the electrons are passed across the membrane in a series of oxidation reduction reactions

What is created in the electron transport chain with the protons and electrons?

an electrochemical gradient

What is the membrane bound protein that makes ATP?

ATP synthase