FOR 232 - cones final exam

pale green to dark blue “berries”

Eastern redcedar- juniperus virginiana

“soccer balls”, green or brown

baldcypress - taxodium distichum

“pistachio” seed enclosed in fleshy aril - ‘bleached almond’

ginkgo - ginkgo biloba

mini “flower” cones, 5/8-3/4”, scales in 4-8 pairs, short stalk

northern white-cedar - thuja occidentalis

1 &1/2” or 3&1/4”, oblong-cylindrical, flat scales break apart at maturity, there will be a bunch of LOOSE SCALES in the box

balsam fir - abies balsamea

½ -3/4” long, light brown, scales thin and up to 20, short-stalked - TWISTED STALK, rigid cone

tamarack - larix laricina

3/4”-2” long, reddish brown, ~1/2” scale length, 40-60 scales, reflexed apex curving towards cone base - THICK STALK

european larch - larix decidua

4-8”, reddish to light brown, slightly toothed tip of scale

norway spruce - picea abies

1&1/4” -2&1/2”, light brown, scales thin and flexible, truncate or rounded apex

white spruce - picea glauca

5/8-1&1/4”, purplish turning purplish brown at maturity, black on inside of scales, scales brittle, thin rounded irregular toothed margin

black spruce - picea mariana

2&1/2” - 4”, shiny chestnut brown, ruffly margin, scales thina nd loose

colorado blue spruce - picea pungens

1-2&1/4”, light brown, variable irregular assymetric shape, often closed - closed or open - NO STALK

jack pine - pinus banksiana

1&1/2-2&1/2”, ovoid conic/egg shaped, chestnut brown, NO STALK

red pine - pinus resinosa

3-8”, slightly curved and stalked

white pine - pinus strobus

1&1/4-2&1/2”, stalked and reflexive, apophysis flat to raised, pyramidal scales - STALKED

scotch pine - pinus sylvestris

little rat feet

douglas-fir - pseudotsuga menziesii

5/8-3/4” smooth scale edges, open when mature - NO STALK, DELICATE, GIVES WAY TO PRESSURE

eastern hemlock - tsuga canadensis

2/3”

tag alder - alnus incana

seed like nut surrounded by 3 lobed bract in pairs

musclewood - carpinus caroliniana

enclosed in “bladder”, looks like hops

hophornbeam - ostrya virginiana

lon 8-20” skinny pods

northern catalpa - catalpa speciosa

reddish brown pod, 7-8” twisted, seeds oval brown

honeylocust - gleditsia triacanthos

big ol pod, large seeds 5-10”

kentucky coffeetree - gymnocladus dioicus

2-4” smooth 4-10 seeded pea pod

black locust - robinia pseudoacacia

american chestnut - castanea dentata

1/2-3/4”

american beech - fagus grandifolia

warty cap, cap covers 1/4-1/3 of acorn, ovoid-oblong

white oak - quercus alba

1”, usually paired, 1-4” LONG PEDUNCLES, cup covers 1/3 of acorn

swamp white oak - quercus bicolor

3/4-2”, cup covers ½ or more of acorn, fringed

bur oak - quercus macrocarpa

cup covers 1/3-1/2 of nut, nut brownish with striate lines, elliptical to ovoid

northern pin oak - quercus ellipsoidalis

3/4-1'“ long, solitary or paired, variable in shape, thick saucer like cap

northern red oak - quercus rubra

5/8-3/4”, ovoid oblong, cap covers 1/4-1/3” of acorn, cup scales fuzzy, loose scales

black oak - quercus velutina

Nut nearly globose but slightly flattened, 1 inch
long, partially dehiscent at the middle to the sharp-pointed tip, thinnest husk

bitternut hickory - carya cordiformis

nut almost round 1-2&1/2” diameter, 4 ribbed, thick hust (1/4”), dehiscent along 4 seams

shagbark hickory - carya ovata

Nut surrounded by greenish-bronze husk, 1½ to 3” long,
oblong-ovoid

butternut - juglans cinerea

Nut surrounded by green husk that turns black, 1½ to 3”
long, globose or nearly so

black walnut - juglans nigra

Conelike aggregate of
samaras, papery flower 4-angled at base, 2½ to 3” long

tuliptree - liriodendron tulipifera

Samara, 1 to 2” long, looks like canoe paddle, wing
ends at seed

white ash - fraxinus americana

Samara, 1 to 1¾” long, oblong-elliptical, flattened seed
surrounded by wing and wider at base

black ash - fraxinus nigra

Samara, 1¼ to 2¼” long, lanceolate “quill-shaped”,
wing goes around seed

green ash - fraxinus pennsylvanica

Fruit – Multiple, globose fruit of achenes, borne singly
on 3 to 6” peduncle, occasionally in pairs

sycamore - platanus occidentalis

Cluster of ¼” long 2-valved
fruit, narrowly conical, cottony mass

trembling aspen - populus tremuloides

samara in pairs, autumnal, 1 ½” long, a dioecious tree, female
trees with a V-shaped double samara, typically many clustered together in a bunch

boxelder - acer negundo

samara in pairs, autumnal, 1 ½ to 2” long, widely
divergent (180 degrees) or spreading

norway maple - acer platanoides

samara in pairs, vernal, slightly divergent LONG STEM

red maple - acer rubrum

samara in pairs, vernal, ~90°

silver maple - acer saccharinum

samara in pairs, autumnal, 1” long, nearly parallel to
slightly divergent horseshoe-shaped

sugar maple - acer saccharum

american basswood - tilia americana

american em- ulmus americana