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Where are all RNAs synthesized?
in the nucleus
Where is mRNA is exported?
to the cytoplasm
What happens when mRNA is exported>
it gets translated in the cytoplasm
What are the building blocks of RNA?
ribonucleotide triphosphates (NTPs)
Does DNA have high, low, or mid fidelity?
high fidelity, faithful (no errors)
Is DNA replication complete or incomplete?
complete; entire genome replicated at each cell cycle
How many times does DNA replicate?
once and only once per cell cycle (avoids re-replication)
What is required for DNA replication?
requires an RNA primer to start
Does RNA have high, low, or mid fidelity?
mid fidelity; somewhat faithful (proofreading present but some errors occur)
Is RNA transcription complete or incomplete?
NOT complete; only a subset of genes transcribed at one time
When does RNA transcription occur?
predominantly in G1 and G2 phases
Does RNA transcription require primer to start?
no
What is RNA’s structure?
ribose sugar, uracil, typically single-stranded, can form double stranded secondary structures
What determines secondary structure?
RNA sequence
WHat are hairpins or stemloops mediated by?
hydrogen bonds
What are ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
structural and functional components of the ribosome
What is messenger RNA (mRNA)?
carries genetic code for proteins
What is transfer RNA (tRNA)?
helps incorporate amino acids into polypeptide chains
What are RNA’s are necessary for protein synthesis?
rRNA and tRNA
What is a gene?
any DNA sequence that is transcribed into and RNA molecule
RNA is _________ and ______ to the template strand?
complementary, antiparallel
What is a nontemplate strand?
coding strand; when the region encodes for a protein
What end are nucleotides added to the RNA molecule?
3’ end
Where does DNA unwind and rewind?
at the front of the transcription bubble
What is the promoter?
initial binding site of RNA polymerase; specifies which polymerase is used for the different classes of genes to be transcribed
What does transcription require?
DNA template, nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs), and the transcription apparatus
What are nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs)?
the raw materials to build a new RNA molecule
What is the transcription apparatus?
contains the proteins needed to catalyze the syntehsis of RNA
