Kingdom Animalia- Porifera, Cnidaria, and Platyhelminthes

Aquatic

All species of sponges are ?

Filter, suspension

Sponges are ______-feeders or __________- feeders

Ostia

In sponges, water enters in through incurrent pores called?

Spongocoel

In sponges, the water then collects in a central cavity called a ____________ where the nutrients/food is trapped

Osculum

In sponges, water then flows out an edxcurrent pore called an?

Asymmetrical, radially

Sponges are either ____________ or ________ symmetrical

Sessile

Sponges are _______ as adults, which means they are attached to a substrate and do. not move

Gastrula, germ layers

Sponges have no definite tissues because they do not have ________ stage in their embryonic development and do not produce ____ ______

Pinacocytes

Cells that cover the body surface

Porocytes

Tubular cells that contain actin and surround the Ostia and regulate water influx by changing the diameter of each ostium

Choanocytes

Flattened food trapping cells that line the spongocoel and have a mucus covered collar to trap the food

Choanoflagellate

Choanocytes are the same cells in _________________ protists

Amoebocytes

Digestive cells containing lysosomes that receive the food from the choanocytes

Mesohyl

Amoebocytes move through the _________ to distribute the digested nutrients to all cells

Mesohyl

A thick, gelatinous fluid containing collagen within the body wall of sponges

Spicules

Amoebocytes also produce ________ of calcium carbonate or spongin which are the skeletal elements of a sponge

Reproductive cells

Cells within the mesohyl that produce the gametes through meiosis

Internal budding

Sponges can perform _________ _______ by producing gemmules during harsh conditions

Gemmules

For sponges to perform internal budding, they first have to produce?

Gemmules

Are internal resistant buds that form along the spongocoel wall; packages of numerous cells that can break away from the spongocoel wall and pass out osculum with the flow of water

Porifera

Sponges are part of what phylum?

Phylum Cnidaria

All of these species are aquatic, most are marine; are radically symmetrical; can be motile or sessile as adults

-Are diploblastic, producing only 2 embryonic germ layers during embryonic development

Diploblastic

Cnidarians are ____________, producing only 2 embryonic germ layers during embryonic development

Organs

Cnidarians do not possess ________

Epidermis, gastrodermis, nerve net

What are the three primary tissues in Cnidarians adult bodies?

Epidermis

A single cell layer body covering that develops from the ectoderm germ layer

Gastrodermis

A single cell layer lining the gut that serves as a digestive tissue. It secretes enzymes into the gut to digest food. It develops from the endoderm germ layer

Nerve net

A net-like arrangement of nerve cells that runs through the cnidarian body. It develops from the ectoderm germ layer

Mesoglea

Cnidarians possess __________ between the epidermis and gastrodermis

Mesoglea

A thick, gelatinous fluid containing water and collagen

Incomplete digestive tract

Cnidarians possess an __________ __________ _______ where the one opening serves as both a mouth and an anus

Cnidocytes

Cnidarians possess tentacles covered with?

Stinging

Cnidocytes are the _________ cells

Nematocysts

The stinging apparatuses that are contained within cnidocytes and deliver the sting to prey when discharged

Polyp body plan

A sessile body plan which has an upward extending tentacles; exhibited by hydra, sea anemones, and coral

Medusa body plan

A motile body plan which has a downward extending tentacles; exhibited by sea jellies

Paralyze

When a nematocyst is discharged and makes contact, this allows for the release of a neurotoxin which is designed to _________ the prey

Anthozoa, cubozoa, hydrozoa, scyphozoa

What are the four classes in phylum Cnidaria? (alphabetical order)

Class hydrozoa

-Exhibit a polyp body plan as their dominant adult body plan

-Juveniles exhibit a medusa body plan

-Includes hydra, hydroids, and Portuguese Man-O-War

Class scyphozoa

-Exhibit spherical medusa as their dominant adult body plan

-Juveniles exhibit a polyp body plan

-Includes sea jellies and sea nettles

Class cubozoa

-Exhibit bos-shaped medusa as their dominant body plan

-Juveniles exhibit a polyp body plan

-Includes all box jellies

Class anthozoa

-Exhibit a polyp body plan throughout their entire lives

-No medusa body plan

-Includes coral, sea fan corals, and sea anemones

Flatworms

The first bilaterally symmetrical animals

Cephalization

Since flatworms are bilaterally symmetrical, they therefore have ______________

Motile

All flatworms are ______ as adults

Longitudinal, mesoderm, posterior, circular

Flatworms possess ______________ muscles which develop from the _________ germ layer. These muscles run from the head to the _________ region. There are no _________ muscles and that is why these worms are flat

Triploblastic, organ

Flatworms are the first ______________ animals and possess ______ systems

Acoelomates

Flatworms are?

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Flatworms, flukes, tapeworms

Ganglia, Incomplete gut, Protonephridia

What is the organ system in a flatworm?

Ganglia with nerve cords

Are pockets of nerve cells concentrated in the head of a free-living flatworm. Nerve cords extend from them and run posteriorly. This develops from the ectoderm germ layer and evolutionarily is the precursur to a brain

Incomplete gut with intestine

A digestive cavity with one opening, but contained within an intestine. This develops from the endoderm germ layer

Protonephridia with flame bulb

This is an excretory system that consists of tubules and flame bulb cells that filter liquid and gaseous waste from the body tissues. This develops from both the mesoderm and endoderm layers

Cestoda, Trematoda, Turbellaria

What are the 3 classes in phylum Platyhelminthes?

Hermaphrodites

Most species in phylum Platyhelminthes are the classes are?

Class turbellaria

-Contains free-living flatworms

-Some are called planaria

-Bodies are covered in cilia

-Possess organ-systems

-Have photoreceptive eyespots called ocelli that can sense the presence or absence of light

Class trematoda

-Contains parasitic species called trematodes or flukes

-Possess two suckers used to attach internally in the host

-Bodies are covered by a cuticle to prevent the host from digesting them or degrading them with digestive acid

Class cestoda

-Contains parasitic tapeworms

-Scolex is the anterior end of a worm; possess hooks and suckers

-Proglottids are reproductive unit

Scolex

The anterior end of a tapeworm that can possess hooks and suckers for attachment to the hosts small intestine wall (not a head)

Proglottids

Reproductive units sitting behind the scolex running to the end of the worm

Suckers, hooks

All species of tapeworms possess _______ on the scolex. Some will also have ______. Also allows for the attachment to the hosts's small intestine wall

Hooks, suckers, cuticle, ability to produce numerous eggs

What are the adaptation to parasitic flatworms?

Amphiblastula

Porifera larval stage name....