SDS Final Exam – Key Terms, Prefixes/Suffixes, Conditions & Conversions

A comprehensive set of Question-and-Answer flashcards covering anatomical directions, medical prefixes and suffixes, common conditions, and key metric–apothecary conversions for the SDS final exam review.

What anatomical term means “toward the midline of the body”?

Medial

What anatomical term means “away from the midline of the body”?

Lateral

What anatomical term means “toward the head”?

Superior

What anatomical term means “away from the head”?

Inferior

What anatomical term refers to the front of the body?

Anterior

What anatomical term refers to the back of the body?

Posterior

Which anatomical direction means “toward the point of origin”?

Proximal

Which anatomical direction means “away from the point of origin”?

Distal

Which anatomical term means “closer to the skin”?

Superficial

Which anatomical term means “closer to the bone or internal”?

Deep

What term refers to only one side of the body?

Unilateral

What term refers to both sides of the body?

Bilateral

What term means “on the same side of the body”?

Ipsilateral

What term means “on the opposite side of the body”?

Contralateral

The prefix “Ab-” means .

Away from

The prefix “Inter-” means .

Between

The root “Arteri” refers to a(n) .

Artery

The prefix “Hemi-” means .

Half or partial

The prefix “Endo-” means .

Within or inner

The root “Anter” means .

Front

The prefix “Amphi-” means .

Both or on both sides

The prefix “Epi-” means .

Upon, over, or on

The prefix “Post-” means .

After

The root “Cephal” refers to the .

Head

The prefix “Contr-” means .

Against or opposite

The root “Pneumo” relates to .

Air or breath

The root “Aden” refers to a .

Gland

The prefix “Pan-” means .

All or entire

The prefix “Trans-” means .

Across, through, or beyond

The prefix “Dys-” means .

Difficult, painful, or abnormal

The root “Angi-” refers to .

Blood or lymphatic vessels

The prefix “Oxy-” relates to something that is .

Sharp or containing oxygen

The prefix “Re-” means .

Again or back

The root “Pleur-” refers to the .

Pleura (membrane surrounding the lungs)

The prefix “Mega-” means .

Large

The prefix “Hypo-” means .

Below or under

The prefix “Hyper-” means .

High, above normal, or excessive

The root “Angio” also refers to a .

Vessel

The root “Ileo” refers to the .

Ileum (final section of the small intestine)

The root “Colo” refers to the .

Colon (large intestine)

The prefix “Brady-” means .

Slow

The prefix “Tachy-” means .

Fast

The suffix “-pathy” means .

Disease

The suffix “-tomy” means .

Incision

The suffix “-ectomy” means .

Excision or surgical removal

The suffix “-osis” means .

Condition

The suffix “-algia” means .

Pain

The suffix “-phagia” means .

Eating

The suffix “-itis” means .

Inflammation

The suffix “-plegia” means .

Paralysis

The suffix “-sclerosis” means .

Hardening

The suffix “-asthenia” means .

Weakness or lack of strength

The suffix “-emesis” means .

Vomiting

The suffix “-emia” describes .

A condition related to the blood

The suffix “-oma” refers to a .

Tumor or mass

What is “stenosis”?

The narrowing or constriction of a tube-like structure in the body

What is “cyanosis”?

Bluish discoloration of the skin from lack of oxygen

What is a “hematoma”?

A localized collection of blood outside the circulatory system

What does “nosocomial” refer to?

Infections acquired in healthcare settings

What type of tissue is “adipose” tissue?

Fatty tissue

What is “edema”?

Swelling caused by excess fluid in the body

What does “leukopenia” mean?

Low white blood cell count

What does “neutropenia” mean?

Low level of neutrophils in the blood

What does the term “corpus” mean?

A mass or body

Define “hemorrhage.”

Excessive or uncontrolled bleeding

What does “lysis” mean in medical terminology?

Breakdown of a cell

What is “osteoarthritis”?

Arthritis caused by cartilage wear leading to bone-on-bone contact

What is “hepatitis”?

Inflammation of the liver

What is “bronchitis”?

Inflammation of the bronchial tubes

What is “arthritis”?

Inflammation and damage to the joints

How many milliliters (mL) are in 1 ounce (oz)?

30 mL

How many centimeters (cm) are in 1 meter (m)?

100 cm

How many centimeters are in 1 inch?

2.54 cm

How many grams (g) are in 1 kilogram (kg)?

1000 g

How many grams are in 1 milligram (mg)?

0.001 g

How many milligrams are in 1 gram?

1000 mg

How many pounds (lb) are in 1 kilogram?

2.2 lb

How many milliliters are in 1 liter (L)?

1000 mL

How many liters are in 1 milliliter?

0.001 L

What value is represented by the tenth place in decimals?

0.1

What value is represented by the hundredth place in decimals?

0.01

When converting from grams to milligrams, do you move the decimal 3 places to the right or left?

3 places to the right

When converting from milligrams to grams, do you move the decimal 3 places to the left or right?

3 places to the left

How do you convert kilograms (kg) to pounds (lb)?

Multiply by 2.2

How do you convert pounds (lb) to kilograms (kg)?

Divide by 2.2

When converting from milligrams to micrograms, do you move the decimal 3 places to the right or left?

3 places to the right

When converting from micrograms to milligrams, do you move the decimal 3 places to the right or left?

3 places to the left

When converting from liters to milliliters, do you move the decimal 3 places to the right or left?

3 places to the right