Unit 1: Cell Biology and Microscopy

A series of vocabulary flashcards summarizing key concepts and terms related to cell biology and microscopy.

Cell

The smallest unit of all living organisms, capable of self-reproduction and transmitting genetic information.

Cell Theory

States that all living things are composed of cells, and cells are the basic unit of structure and function in organisms.

Prokaryotes

Cells that lack a nucleus and organelles, typically smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells.

Eukaryotes

More complex cells that contain a nucleus and organelles.

Fluorescent Microscopy

A technique using fluorescent molecules to visualize cell structures and macromolecules.

Fixation

The process of preserving cells and tissues using chemical agents to maintain their structure.

Magnification

The process of enlarging the appearance of an object.

Resolution

The ability to distinguish between two closely spaced objects.

Active Transport

The movement of molecules across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy.

Passive Transport

The movement of molecules across a cell membrane without the need for energy input.

Antibody

A protein produced by the immune system that can specifically bind to a target antigen.

Cell Organelle

Specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function, like the nucleus or mitochondria.

Lysosome

An organelle containing digestive enzymes for breaking down waste materials.

Mitochondria

Organelles that generate ATP, the energy currency of the cell.

Endocytosis

The process by which cells take in substances by engulfing them in a membrane-bound vesicle.

Exocytosis

The process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane to release their contents outside the cell.

Differential Centrifugation

A technique used to separate cellular components based on their size and density.

Fluorophore

A chemical compound that can re-emit light upon light excitation; used in fluorescent microscopy.

GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein)

A protein used for imaging in fluorescence microscopy, originally found in jellyfish.