Joints

Ch.8

Joint

between 2 articulating joints

orthology

study of joints

kinesiolgy

Study of movement

diarthrosis

freely movable

amphiarthrosis

slightly movable

synarthrosis

little or no movement

fibrous joints

immovable joints that are connected by fibers

sutures

only in the skull, very little movement once people reach adulthood

gorriphoses

only hold teeth to bone, held in place by peridontal tendons

syndesmoses

membrane between two bones, most movable of fibrous joints

cartilaginous joints

chrondocytes

bones that are joined by cartilage

ie: intervertebral discs

ossification

bones joined together as people age

bony joints-

2 bones once separated by ossification

synovial joints

encapsulated by synovial membrane

have synovial fluid

have articular cartilage

articulate- means communication

osteoarthritis

most common form of arthritis

normal aging process, natural thinning of cartilage

synovial fluid

viscous, slippery fluid, rich in albumin and hyaluronic acid, clear

meniscus

pad of fibrocartilage in jaw, wrist, knee and sternoclavicular joints

tendon

attaches muscle to bone

ligament

attaches bone to bone

bursa

fluid filled sacs that help with movement of the tendons

Types of joints

hinge

saddle

pivot

gliding

condyloid

flexion

decreases angle of joint

extension

straightens a joint

hyperextension

extension beyond 180 degrees

abduction

Moving a limb away from the midline of the body.

adduction

moving a limb back towards the midline of the body

protraction

movement of a bone forward on a horizontal plane

retraction

moving posteriorly

lateral

to the side

medial

back to midline

circumduction

circular motions

sequence of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

supination

rotation of the forearm so palm faces forward

pronation

rotation of the forearm faces the rear

opposition

movement of thumb towards other fingers

reposition

thumb back to original position

dorsiflexion

raising of the toes

plantarflextion

extention of the foot so the toes point downwards

inversion

soles turned medially

reversion

goniometer

measures range of motion

lever

joints given a mechanical advantage

either power or speed

calculated by length of effort arm /length of resistant arm

temporomandibular syndrome or disease

pain, difficulty opening and closing jaw

causes clicking sounds, headaches, vertigo, pain or tinnitus

humeroscrapular joint

rotator cuff injury. injury of the tendons of the joint

knee

most complicated joint of the body

Dislocation

Displacement of a bone from its normal position at a joint, usually accompanied by a sprain of the adjoining connective tissues, Most common at the fingers, thumb, shoulder, and knee.

Gout

A hereditary disease, most common in men, in which uric acid crystals accumulate in the joints and irritate the articular cartilage and synovial membrane. Causes gouty arthritis, with swelling, pain, tissue degeneration, and sometimes fusion of the joint. Most commonly affects the great toe.

Synovitis

Inflammation of a joint capsule, often as a complication of a sprain

Tendonitis

A form of bursitis in which a tendon sheath is inflamed