gaba and glycine

GABA

type 1 nt, major inhibitory

what stains pv

basket cells and chandelier cells

what stains sst

martinotti cells and gabaergic projection neurons

what stains sht3ar

ngfc and bitufted cells

how is gaba made

glutmate + glutamate decarboxylaes (gabaergic neurons), plp is a cofactor how

how is gaba regulated

gad, 35% of gad bound to plp, competes with atp, but once camkii phosphorylates gad in intracellular calcium, increased affinity for plp

gaba storage

vgat loads in gaba with proton gradient atpase

gaba a receptor

ionotropic, conducts cl ions, pentameric, allosteric binding sites for drugsm

gaba b receptors

linked to increasing potassium channel condcutance, hyperpolarizes stronger than gaba a, inhibits adenylyl cyclase and calcium channels reducing synaptic transmission

what reuptakes gaba into cell

gat , gaba transporterh

how is gaba cleared from synaptic cleft

with gaba transaminase - gabat

glycine

type 2 aa nt, inhibitory in the brain stem and spinal cord, high concentrations,

glycine storage and synthesis

hypothesis: neurons take glycine from the extracellular space, hypothesis 2: neurons take glycine in nerve terminal from esrine using serine trans hydroxymethyltransferase which isnt unique to glycinergic neurons, and transported into vesicles with vgat

glycine receptors

ionotropic ligand gated, pentameric, permeable to cl, and gabaa and glycine are anchored to postsynapse with gephyrin protein, label receptors postsynaptically

how is glycine terminated

glyt-1 reuptakes it in glia, glyt-2 reuptakes it in neurons, labels glycinergic neurons, glyt -1 = 2 sodium and 1 cl, glyt -2 = 3 sodium and 1 cl tet

tetanus toxin

glycinergic inhibitory neurons = renshaw cells in spinal cord = negative feedback loop with motor neurons = no overexcitation, motor neuron ach at muscle cells and renshaw cells, and then glycine is released onto motor neurons to inhibit them, but blockade of this leads to tetanus, which stops vesicle release through cleaving vamp from core complex blocking renshaw signal inhibition