VTHT 2209 Food Animal Management Final Exam Review

Cattle who have no horns are polled.

True

A carousel is a type of milking barn that may ne used for milking large number of cows at once.

True

Another name for the reticulum is the "Honeycomb"

True

Female cattle who have had multiple calves are called heifers

False. Heifers are young cows that have not had calves yet

Eructation is another name for "cud-chewing"

False. Eructation is belching

Bos Taurus cattle are characterized by a hump over the shoulder, drooping ears, and large dewlaps

True

Which hormone is responsible for milk letdown?

oxytocin

What is the term for the first milk produced after an animal gives birth?

colostrum

How many days is ideal for a dairy cow to dry before calving?

45-50 days

According to producers, what is the ideal age a dairy cattle cow should have her first calf?

21-22 months

Which are the by-products of fermentation in ruminants?

- volatile fatty acids

- gas

- ammonia

What is a heifer?

an immature female that has not had a calf

What is the purpose of the reticular groove?

Allows milk to pass directly into the abomasum in calve

Where is the switch located in cattle?

At the end of the tail

How many upper incisors do cattle have?

0

List the dental formula for cattle

2(I 0/4, C 0/0, PM 3/3, M 3/3) = 32

A steer is a cow without horns

False. A steer is a castrated male

What is the gestation length for cattle?

283 days

Which part of the ruminant stomach is considered the true stomach?

The abomasum

Limousine are polled

False

Polled means that an animal has horns

False

How is a Red Angus created?

It is a recessive gene from the Black Angus

Which breed of cattle is from crossbreeding Herefords, Shorthorns, and Brahmans?

Beefmaster

Maine-Anjou are horned

True

A dairy cattle is usually first bred at what age?

13-15 months

List parts of the milking unit.

- Teat Cup Assembly

- Claw/Suspension Cup

- Connecting Air

- Milk tubes

Which breed of dairy cow ranks first in milk production?

Holstein

Which grade milk can only be used for liquid consumption?

Grade A

Which dairy breed ranks second in milk production?

Brown Swiss

Which dairy breed ranks third in milk production?

Ayrshire

What is the most common milk parlor used today?

Herringbone

A dairy cow is allowed to "dry cow" for how many days?

45-50 days

How long is a cow expected to lactate before she is allowed to be a "dry cow"?

300-315 days

Which dairy breed ranks second in milk-fat production?

Guernsey

What vitamin needs to be added to reduced fat and skim milk?

Vitamin A

The flavor of milk comes from the milk fat.

True

What is Homogenization?

Breaks down fat molecules to remain evenly suspended in milk; prevents milk from separating and forming cream layer

What two products are made during butter production?

Butter and buttermilk

Grade A and B milk can be used for liquid consumption.

False; only Grade A can be used for liquid consumption

Goat milk has a higher lactose content than cow milk.

False; Goat milk has 9g of lactose, while Cow's milk has 12g of lactose

Feta and Ricotta cheese comes from what species?

Sheep

Kumis comes from what animal?

Horse

What two products are produced when making cheese?

Curds and whey

What percentage of water is removed from condensed milk?

60%

Which product is a dairy product?

Cream, Butter, Buttermilk, Yogurt, Cheese, Curds and Whey, Cottage Cheese, Cream Cheese, Ice Cream

The rumen and reticulum are not separate compartments, but separate areas in the stomach.

True

What problem can alfalfa cause in ruminants?

Bloat

What purpose do lipids serve?

they are fat preserves

Roughages are also known as forage

True

Select all that are considered nutrients

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Vitamins

Minerals

Water

Legumes are proteinaceous roughages.

True

About 90% of health-related disease in large animals can be related to improper nutrition.

True

Water makes up 45%-60% of an animal's body weight at birth.

False; 65%-85% at birth, 45%-60% at maturity

Which forage is considered grass hay?

Alfalfa

Orchardgrass

Timothy Hay

Smooth Bromegrass

Animal origin protein is regularly fed to cattle.

False

What digestive system do cattle, sheep, and goats have?

Ruminants

Which part of the male reproductive tract is responsible for sperm maturation, storage, and transport?

Epididymis

Electroejaculator

a probe and power source used to apply current to the nerves that promote ejaculation

What volume ejaculate should a bull give?

3-5ml

Which hormone helps maintain pregnancy?

progesterone

Stage 3 is indicated by

placenta being expelled

Which are the accessory sex glands in the male?

seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and the bulbourethral glands

Which hormone affects luteolysis?

estrogen

Cows are seasonally polyestrous.

False; they are Polyestrous

Which can be post-partum complications?

Retained Placenta

Ketosis

Milk Fever

Uterine Prolapse

Acetonemia

Pregnancy Toxemia

Displaced Abomasum

Mastitis

How many stages of labor are there

3 stages

A calf jack is also safe to use on mares who have dystocia.

False; not designed for horses as they may cause unnecessary trauma to the reproductive tract

A dystocia is an emergency

True

Which factors can affect scrotal circumference?

- age

- breed

- time of year

- ovulation of females in herd

Scrotal circumference is correlated with sperm production in bulls

True

What are the three parts of the oviduct?

infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus

Which disease causes a cow to metabolize body fat faster than ketones can be eliminated, leading to increased ketones in the blood?

Ketosis

Which disease causes hypocalcemia?

Postparturient Paresis

Milk Fever

The FAMCHA system determines the level of anemia caused by what parasite in goats?

Haemonchus contortus aka Barberpole worm

crutching/facing in sheep and goats is performed before

fly season

Uroliths are commonly found where in bucks and wethers?

Urethral process

List at least 4 different types of parasite preventatives for food animals

fly traps, injectables, pasture rotation, dips

The Brucellosis vaccine is recommended to be given at what age?

Heifers between 4-12 months

Milk fever is also known as hypomagnesemia

False. It is known as hypocalcemia

What bacteria causes Lumpy Jaw?

Actinomyces bovis

Mammals other than swine can be affected by pseudorabies

True

Moraxella bovis causes what disease?

Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis; Pinkeye

Bluetongue is highly contagious amongst sheep.

False

What bacteria causes malignant edema?

Clostridium septicum

Johne's disease is also known as Tuberculosis

False

What bacteria causes wooden tongue?

Actinobacillus lignieresii

Anthrax is also known as Splenic Fever.

True

Calves who were infected in utero with Bovine Viral Diarrhea have the possibility of developing what problem?

- cerebral hypoplasia; calf is ataxic

- oral erosions, intestinal ulcers, and some respiratory issues seen as well

Brucella abortus can be found on

infected placenta, feedstuffs, fetuses, tissue, milk, or uterine discharge

Which disease may be linked to feeding contaminated silage?

Listeriosis

Brucellosis is caused by a virus

False

Cattle are the indicator host for foot mouth disease

True

List 3 zoonotic diseases in food animals

Rabies, Brucellosis, Leptospirosis

Which parasite is a reportable disease in all the United States?

Screwworm

For a diagnosis, you must necropsy if anthrax is suspected.

False

Which disease is caused by a virus?

rabies

List 4 reportable diseases of food animals

BSE, IVD, Leptospirosis, Rabies, Anthrax

What is the scientific name for the Screwworm?

Cochliomyia hominivorax

Which is a reportable disease caused by a bacteria?

Leptospirosis

List 3 different clostridial diseases.

- Clostridium septicum

- Clostridium chauvoei

- Clostridium perfringens