Biology Unit 1 Biochemistry

What is metabolism

What are intramolecular bonds? What are they?

what are ionic bonds

what are non covalent bonds

what are polar covalent bonds

What are intermolecular bonds? What are the different types?

What are london dispersion forces

What are dipole-dipole forces?

What are hydrogen bonds

what is the role of an acid

what is the role of a base

What functional group do bases and acid contain?

what is acidosis

ph below 7.35

what alkalosis

why is buffering important

what is the equation for a bicarbonate buffer for

1.acid

2.base

what is an example structure for hydroxyl

what is an example structure for carbonyl

what is an example structure for carboxyl

what is an example structure for amino

what is an example structure for sulfhydryl

what is an example structure for phosphate

what is an example structure for methyl

what are carbons

what are hydrocarbons

what are isomers

what are the different types of isomers

what are structural isomers

what are geometric isomers

what are stereoisomers

why are functional groups important

what are the 4 types of macromolecules

what are macromolecules made from

polymers

How are polymers broken down and made

What are linkages, what are the different types and what type of reaction forms them?

Ether, Peptide, ester, phosphodiester

what is a ether linkage? Where is it found?

What is a peptide linkage? Where is it found?

What is a ester linkage? Where is it found?

What is a phosphodiester linkage? Where is it found?

What does hydrate mean in regards to carbohydrates

What are the different monosaccharide? Draw them

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

What are the different disaccharides

How are disaccharides formed

What are Polysaccharides?

What are the different Polysaccharides?

Starch, Glycogen, Chitin, Cellulose

what is starch

What is glycogen

What is cellulose

What is chitin

What is the structure of Fats

What are the different types of fatty acids

What are the functions of lipids

What is the structure and function of phospholipids?

What is the structure of steroids? Name two examples

What are the structures of waxes

Why is cholesterol important

Where does cholesterol come from

What is the role of HDL

why is HDL important

What is the role of LDL

What is the ratio of HDL to LDL that is recommended

What are statins

what are the functions of proteins

How many amino acids are there

20

The bond between 2 amino acids is called _____

peptide bond

What are the different structures of protein? What are the differences?

What are example of proteins with quaternary structure?

What is denaturation

What causes denaturation

explain what organic solvents are

Explain using a disease why consistent protein structure is important

what are chaperone proteins

what are nucleic acids

What are the roles of nucleic acid

Describe the structure of nucleic acids

What are nucleotide monomers

what are the two nitrogenous bases? Draw them

What is ATP

What is metabolism

c

What is the first law and second law of thermodynamics

Entropy of the entire universe will always

increase with time

a measure of randomness or disorder in a

group of objects or energy

disorder is more likely than order

Draw a graph showing a exothermic reaction

Draw a graph showing a endothermic reaction

What is activiation energy

Know how to do energy bond calculations

What is an enzyme and substrate

What is an active site

Describe the lock and key model and induced fit

How do enzymes enable

chemical reactions to take

place?

Help reduce the activation energy !

(less “extra”energy is needed)

Transition state can occur at lower temperature

How SPECIFICALLY do Enzymes

Lower Activation Energy?

1. Bring substrates together in the correct

orientation

The enzyme provides a template so they can

come together in the proper orientation (

LOWERS Activation energy)

2. Twisting and Stretching bonds

Active site can “stress” the substrate

( LOWERS Activation energy)

by bending or stretching critical chemical bonds

3. Creates a suitable microenvironment

The active site may contain:

Acidic side chains providing an area of

low pH OR basic side chains with a high

pH, etc.

The microenvironment makes it easier for

the reaction to proceed

(LOWERS Activation energy)

A SINGLE Enzyme catalyzes a

SINGLE Chemical Reaction

The active site is “shape specific” !

only ONE substrate can fit into an the active site of

ONE SPECIFIC enzyme for the chemical reaction to

occur

what are co factors

what are co enzymes

what are the two types of enzyme inhibition

competitive and non competitive

what happens during competitive inhibition

what happens during non competitive inhibition