RAP (Anatomy)

Sagittal Plane

Divides body into left and right

Coronal Plane

Divides front and back

Horizontal/transverse Plane

Divides up and down

Oblique Planes

Divides at an angle

Thoracic cavity

Pleural membranes ➢ Lungs ➢ Trachea ➢ Esophagus ➢ Pericardium ➢ Heart and great vessels

Abdominal Cavity

Peritoneum ➢ Liver ➢ Gallbladder ➢ Pancreas ➢ Spleen ➢ Stomach ➢ Intestines ➢ Kidneys ➢ Ureters ➢ Major blood vessels

Pelvic Cavity

Rectum ➢ Urinary bladder ➢ Part of the reproductive system

inguinal

Bottom left or right of abdomen region

Hypogastrium

Bottom middle

Lateral

Middle left or right of abdomen region

Epigastrum

Top middle of abdomen region

Umbilical

Middle of abdomen region

Hypogastrium

Bottom middle of abdomen region

Body Habitus

Differences in body’s: affected; Heart • Lungs • Diaphragm • Stomach • Colon • Gallbladder

Sthenic

Average placement of stomach

Hyposthenia

squeezed stomach

hypothetic

Squeezed organs

Hypersthenic

High stomach

Axial Skeleton

80 bones

Appendicular skeleton

126 bones

Red Marrow

In spongy bones medullary cavity, produces blood cells, found at the ends of long bones

Yellow marrow

In spongy bones medullary cavity, stores fat cells in trabeculae

Periosteum

Tough fiber tissues that cover bone expect at the ends

Endosteum

Lines marrow cavity

Bone Development

Primary Ossification in 2 months (before birth)

Intermembranous

Forms flat bones during development

Endochondral

Forms Short, long, and irregular bones are created during development.

Secondary Ossification

Separate bones begin to form at the ends of long bones known as epiphyses (after birth)

Synarthroses

immovable

Amphiarthroses

Slightly Movable

Diarthroses

Freely Movable

Fibrous Joints

Immovable or move slightly. Strongest Joint

Syndesmosis

Fibrous Joint: United fibrous sheets

Suture

Fibrous Joint: In skull

Gomphosis

Fibrous Joint: In teeth

Cartilaginous Joints

Slightly movable

Symphysis

Cartilaginous joint: Designed for shock padded by cartilage (slightly movable)

Synchondrosis

Cartilaginous joint: Connected by ridged cartilage (unmovable)

Synovial Joints

Wide range of motion: included by articular capsule; which produced padding and liquid

Gliding Joint

Synovial Joint: Bones glide around each other

Hinge Joint

Synovial Joint: Can only flex and extend (Hinge of door)

Pivot Joint

Synovial Joint: Allows rotation back and forth

Ellipsoid Joint

Synovial Joint: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction

Saddle joint

Synovial Joint: Concaved/convexed bones that glide up and down

Ball & Socket Joint

Synovial Joint: Allows widest range of motion

Organs affected by body habitus

• Heart

• Lungs

• Diaphragm

• Stomach

• Colon

• Gallblader

Axial skeleton function

Support and protection

Appendicular skeleton role

Helps with movement