7.1 Industrial Revolution

These flashcards cover key concepts and vocabulary associated with the Industrial Revolution, its inventions, social implications, and global impact.

Industrial Revolution

A period of significant industrial growth starting in England in the mid-1700s to 1800s, characterized by the transformation of production and society.

Steam Engine

An invention that revolutionized factories by allowing for mechanized production instead of manual labor.

Transcontinental Railroad

A railroad that connected the East Coast of the United States to the West Coast, facilitating trade and migration.

Spinning Jenny

A machine invented during the industrial revolution that could spin several spools of thread simultaneously, enhancing textile production.

Power Loom

A machine invented during the industrial revolution that mechanized the weaving of cloth, allowing for mass production.

Cottage Industry

A business typically run from home, using traditional techniques and tools to produce custom goods by hand.

Demographic Transition Model

A model that describes changes in population growth as societies industrialize and develop.

Urbanization

The process of migration from rural areas to urban areas in search of economic opportunities.

Enclosure Movement

The historical process where small farms were consolidated into larger farms, increasing agricultural efficiency.

Colonialism

The process whereby industrialized nations sought to acquire territories to exploit their resources and markets.

Berlin Conference

A meeting where European powers divided Africa into colonies, establishing state boundaries for economic exploitation.

Social Classes

The hierarchical divisions in society that emerged or changed significantly during the industrial revolution.

Economic Inequality

The disparity in wealth and resources, which increased during the industrial revolution.

Food Surplus

A situation in agriculture where food production exceeds the demand, often facilitated by industrial agricultural techniques.

Migration Patterns

The trends and routes taken by people moving from one place to another, significantly altered by the industrial revolution.