NEW elephant test

Carrying Capacity

Carrying Capacity

A populations number of individuals that a location can support successfully

over carrying capacity (graphs)

Peak and goes down

under carrying capacity (graphs)

rock bottom then peak

exponential growth

When a population has as much space and resources they need with no restrictions

When does exponential growth occur?

when a population moves into a new ecosystem or when a big change of events happens

example of exponential growth

Elephants had exponential growth when hunters were removed

logistic growth (graph)

S-shaped curve

When does logistic growth occur?

When exponential growth slows down because of limiting resources

limiting factors

the reasons exponential growth stopped

abiotic factors

sunlight, water, lack of space

Biotic factors

food, predators, disease

example of logistic growth

Ducks move to a new ecosystem and have exponential growth but then they run out of food, food is the biotic limiting factor

density dependent factors

limiting factor that depends on population size

density independent factors

limiting factor that affects all populations in similar ways, regardless of population size

example of density independent factor

weather, natural disasters

example of density dependent factor

food, hunters, territory

Connection between carrying capacity and limiting factors

Carrying capacity is the amount, limiting factors are the reason

Carrying capacity in a graph

between the peaks and valleys or when its straight line

Microevolution

change in gene pool of a population (small changes)

gene flow

organisms move to different areas and combine genes

genetic drift

tragic event that involved chance

bottleneck effect

an event that kills most of the population randomly (dumb luck)

founder effect

A few organisms in a group decide to create their own population

natural selection

organisms are born with traits that arent suitable/helpful to their environment

artificial selection

humans breeding to their desire

Macroevolution

When an organism evolves so much that its a new species

Species

A group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.

keystone species

a species that can cause a trophic cascade if something happens to it

example of keystone species

sea otter, bees, elephants

prezygotic barriers

barriers that prevent mating or fertilization between species

Habitat Barrier (Prezygotic)

lack of opportunities to encounter each other

temporal barrier (prezygotic)

breeding at different times or seasons

Behavorial barrier (prezygotic)

Species use different mating signals

mechanical barrier (prezygotic)

reproductive systems dont match

Gametic barrier (prezygotic)

eggs and sperm are NOT compatible

postzygotic barriers

baby was created but not successful

reduced hybrid viability (postzygotic)

the combination of the parents genes impair the offsprings survival

reduced hybrid fertility (postzygotic)

offspring is infertile

hybrid breakdown (postzygotic)

the grandkids are infertile or weak

Environmental Value

other living things depend on it

Aesthetic Value

valuable because its cute/beautiful

Economic Value

makes money

Intrinsic Value

important because its a living thing

Requirements for living things

homeostasis, reproduce, require energy, grow, made of cells, evolve, respond to environment

Purpose of photosynthesis

to make sugar and oxygen

Roots of plants

absorbs water

Stomata

takes in carbon dioxide

Chlorophyll molecule

absorbs sunlight

Light reaction (photosynthesis)

energy from sunlight breaks bonds in water molecule to create oxygen

Dark reaction (photosynthesis)

ATP from light reaction turns carbon dioxide into glucose

Connection between Photosynthesis and CR

Photosynthesis produces the “ingredients” for cellular respiration and vice versa

Cellular Respiration Process

Animals breathe in oxygen and break down food molecules to make energy to create another bond to make ATP

connection between the ATP energy cycle and cellular respiration

During the process of cellular respiration, the breakdown of the food molecules make energy to create another bond and make ATP.

ATP energy cycle

The bond between phosphates 2 and 3 are broken to release energy. Now there is only 2 phosphates which means it is ADP. ADP can only turn back into ATP when another phosphate is bonded. During the process of cellular respiration, the breakdown of the food molecules make energy to create another bond and make ATP.

ways that humans are changing the carbon cycle

Burning fossil fuels (oil) and deforestation (burning wood)

how greenhouse gasses can help and hurt our planet

Good because it keeps the planet warm enough for us to live on it but it's bad for the planet because now there is too much and the earth is getting hotter instead of colder like it's supposed to

Difference between growing and evolving

internal vs external