Ap US History Chapter 2

What was the main conflict in King George's War (1744-1748)?

The conflict was between France/Native Americans and England/American Colonies, with the English Army doing most of the fighting.

What was the outcome of the stunning American victory at Fort Louisbourg?

Although the English captured Fort Louisbourg, they returned it to the French in exchange for an English fort in India, leading to colonial bitterness.

What was the significance of the French and Indian War (1754-1763)?

It was the first major war that began in North America and spread globally, determining whether England or France would dominate North America.

Who sparked the French and Indian War and how?

George Washington, as a Colonel in the Virginia Militia, sparked the war by firing on French soldiers near the Appalachian Mountains.

What was the Albany Plan of Union (1754)?

An idea by Ben Franklin proposing that the colonies unite to cooperate against the threat posed by France and Native Americans, which ultimately failed.

What were the two turning points in the French and Indian War?

1. Native Americans began leaving French forts, indicating French overconfidence. 2. William Pitt took over the war effort for Britain, reorganizing and asking for more colonial support.

What was the Treaty of Paris (1763) and its implications?

The treaty ended the French and Indian War, expanding England's empire in North America and leading to colonial resentment due to their absence in negotiations.

How did the French and Indian War affect the relationship between England and the American Colonies?

The war brought the colonies closer to England due to a shared threat but also began to disintegrate their relationship due to economic issues.

What was the impact of the end of the French and Indian War on England's policy towards the colonies?

It marked the end of England's policy of salutary neglect, leading to increased interference in colonial affairs due to war debts.

What was the role of William Pitt in the French and Indian War?

He was the informal leader of the Cabinet who reorganized the war effort and sought greater contributions from the American Colonies.

What did the French and Indian War determine regarding North America?

It determined that England would be the dominant power in North America after defeating France.

What was the significance of the American colonies not being present at the Treaty of Paris negotiations?

Their absence led to feelings of bitterness, anger, and resentment towards England.

What was the main consequence of the French and Indian War for the Native Americans?

Native Americans lost an important ally in the French and began to withdraw support from French forts.

What was George Washington's mistake during the early stages of the French and Indian War?

He made mistakes such as building Fort Necessity and attacking Fort Duquesne.

What was the overall outcome of the French and Indian War for the 13 American Colonies?

The war made the colonies safe from French control but also set the stage for future conflicts with England.

What did the Treaty of Paris (1763) grant to England?

England gained all French land west to the Mississippi River.

What did Spain receive as a result of the Treaty of Paris (1763)?

Spain received all French lands between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River.

What was the economic impact of the French and Indian War on England?

England incurred massive debt from the war, leading to increased taxation and regulation of the colonies.

What was the significance of the phrase 'Join or Die' in the context of the Albany Plan?

It emphasized the urgent need for colonial unity against the French threat.

How did the French and Indian War influence the future American Revolution?

The war created resentment towards England's policies, setting the stage for the American Revolution.

What was the relationship between the French and Indian War and the concept of salutary neglect?

The war ended the policy of salutary neglect, leading to greater British control over the colonies.

What was the primary reason for the American Colonies' anger after the Treaty of Paris?

They were not included in the negotiations, leading to feelings of exclusion and resentment.

What was the effect of the war on the Native American alliances?

The war weakened Native American alliances with the French, leading to a shift in power dynamics in North America.

What event marks the beginning of the Anglo-American Crisis?

The end of the French and Indian War in 1763.

What was the duration of the Anglo-American Crisis?

From 1763 to 1775.

Who became king in 1760 and adopted a hardline stance against the American Colonies?

King George III.

What were Writs of Assistance and when were they introduced?

General search warrants introduced in 1760 to stop smuggling, allowing customs officials to search without probable cause.

What does the Proclamation of 1763 prohibit?

It forbids American Colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.

What does the Quartering Act (1764) require of American Colonists?

It requires them to house English soldiers (Redcoats).

What is the difference between external taxes and internal taxes?

External taxes regulate trade, while internal taxes are designed to raise revenue for specific purposes.

What was the Sugar Act (1764) primarily aimed at?

It imposed new taxes on various products, partially functioning as an internal tax to fund the English military.

What was the Stamp Act (1765) and why was it controversial?

A tax on paper items that affected all Americans, leading to widespread anger and organized resistance.

What phrase became associated with the opposition to the Stamp Act?

"No Taxation without Representation."

What was the response of Americans to the Stamp Act?

Rioting, threats, violence against customs officials, and boycotts of English businesses.

What was the outcome of the boycotts against the Stamp Act?

The Stamp Act was repealed by Parliament in 1765 due to the impact on English businesses.

What was the role of the Sons of Liberty?

They were a leading resistance group in Massachusetts opposing the Stamp Act through various means.

What was the Stamp Act Congress (1765)?

A meeting of representatives from 9 of the 13 colonies to strategize against the Stamp Act.

What significant concept did the Stamp Act Congress represent?

It was the first time Americans from different colonies cooperated and communicated towards a common goal.

What was the main purpose of the new Vice-Admiralty Courts established by England?

To prosecute smuggling, but they were seen as corrupt and unjust by Americans.

What did the Stamp Act tax specifically target?

Paper items, including legal documents, contracts, and licenses.

How did American women contribute to the resistance against the Stamp Act?

They organized and made boycotts against English businesses effective.

What was the difference between Actual Representation and Virtual Representation?

Actual Representation involves American voting members in Parliament, while Virtual Representation claims Parliament represents all English citizens globally.

What was the impact of the Stamp Act on different demographics in America?

It affected all Americans regardless of wealth, occupation, age, or sex.

What was the significance of the phrase "No Taxation without Representation"?

It encapsulated the American belief that they should not be taxed by a Parliament in which they had no representatives.

What was the reaction of the American Colonies to the enforcement of the Stamp Act?

There was organized resistance, including boycotts, riots, and threats against tax collectors.

Who is often considered the leader of the Resistance Movement in Massachusetts?

Samuel Adams.

What was the significance of the Albany Plan?

It was the first time Americans from different colonies met to cooperate and communicate on a goal, although it ultimately did not succeed.

What was the outcome of the Stamp Act Congress?

It was successful and led to financial panic in England.

What did the Declaratory Act state?

Parliament has the right to make laws in the American colonies.

Who was John Dickinson and what did he write about?

A statesman from Pennsylvania who wrote 'Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania' discussing unfair tax laws passed by Parliament.

What was the Liberty Affair involving John Hancock?

John Hancock's ship was seized and trashed by English Customs officials, leading to protests and riots.

What happened during the Boston Massacre?

In 1770, English soldiers opened fire on American protesters, killing five, including Crispus Attucks.

What role did the Committees of Correspondence play by 1774?

They connected over 150 Massachusetts towns and all 13 colonies, facilitating communication and cooperation.

What was the Tea Act of 1773?

It granted a monopoly to the British East India Company on the tea industry, lowering prices and undercutting American businesses.

What was the Boston Tea Party?

A violent protest organized by the Sons of Liberty against the Tea Act, resulting in significant destruction of tea.

What were the Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts)?

Harsh laws passed by England in response to the Boston Tea Party, including closing Boston Harbor and revoking the Massachusetts Colonial Assembly.

What was the First Continental Congress?

A meeting of 12 colonies (except Georgia) in 1774 to respond to the Intolerable Acts, issuing the Suffolk Resolves for a trade embargo with England.

What was the outcome of the Battle of Lexington and Concord?

It was the first battle of the Revolutionary War, marking the start of armed conflict between American Minutemen and English soldiers.

What was the Olive Branch Petition?

A petition written by John Dickinson sent to King George III professing loyalty and asking for help with Parliament, which was rebuffed.

What was the significance of 'Common Sense' by Thomas Paine?

It argued that King George III was to blame for the Revolution, asserting that the American colonies did not need England.

What was the Declaration of Independence?

A document written by Thomas Jefferson on July 4, 1776, declaring the independence of all 13 colonies from England and listing grievances against King George III.

What was the estimated support for independence among the colonists?

Support was roughly estimated at one-third for independence, one-third for loyalty to England, and one-third undecided.

What did the Second Continental Congress represent?

It acted as the first government of the United States during the American Revolution, with all 13 colonies present.

What was the significance of the phrase 'the Shot Heard 'Round the World'?

It refers to the first shots fired at the Battle of Lexington and Concord, symbolizing the start of the Revolutionary War.

Who was Crispus Attucks?

An African-American man who was one of the five killed during the Boston Massacre.

What was the reaction of King George III to the Olive Branch Petition?

He declared that the American Colonies were in open rebellion and prepared to suppress them forcibly.

What did the Suffolk Resolves call for?

A complete trade embargo with England, effectively halting all business.

What was the impact of the Coercive Acts on Massachusetts?

They imposed military rule, closed the harbor, and revoked the colonial assembly, increasing tensions.