Ap English Language and Composition Unit 1 Test

The art and science of persuasion.

rhetoric

The person arguing.

Rhetor

Rhetoric Triangle

speaker (top) then audience and message (bottom)

A statement that can be verified by an independent observer or by objective verification; they are not subject to debate but they are falsifiable.

Fact

Beliefs that result from a preference or a judgement; they are subject to debate.

Opinion

A statement about the unknown that is closely tied to known facts.

Inference

A statement about the unknown, supported by evidence and reasoning; it is less certain than an inference or a fact.

Assertation

A statement offering two mutually exclusive or contradictory alternatives.

Dichotomy

A form of reasoning in which two prepositions (or premises) are made and a logical conclusion is drawn from them.

Syllogism

A syllogism where the value has been taken away and the rest is combined into one sentence/phrase.

Enthymeme

Deductive reasoning

General to specific

Inductive reasoning

Specific to general

Three Species of Argument

Forensic (past tense, involves blame), demonstrative/epideictic (present tense, involves values), and deliberative (future tense, involves choice)

Three Appeals of Argument

Reason (logos), emotion (pathos), and value (ethos)

Meant to help one find the question at issue in any controversy.

Stasis Question

De gustibus non est disputandum.

"There is no disputing about tastes."