Eyes

what do scaly eyebrows indicate?

seborrhea

what does a loss of lateral 1/3 of eyebrows indicate?

myxedema

what is adie’s pupil?

sluggish pupillary reaction to light that is unilateral

what causes adie’s pupil?

parasympathetic lesion of CN 3

what is anisocoria?

unequal pupil size

what is argyll robertson pupil?

bilaterally small and irregular pupils that accomdate but do not react to light

what is argyll robertson pupil seen with?

syphilis

what is arroyo sign?

sluggish pupillary reaction

what causes arroyo sign?

hypo-adrenalism, addison’s disease

what is blepharitis?

inflammation of the eyelid

what is blepharitis seen with?

seborrhea, staph infection and inlfammatory processes

what are cataracts?

opacities seen in the lens

what is absent with cataracts?

red light reflex

what conditions are cataracts common in?

diabetes and elderly

what is chalazion?

an infection of the meibomian gland causing a nodle that points inside the lid

what does pink conjunctiva indicate?

normal, healthy

what does pale conjuctiva indicate?

anemia

what does bright red conjunctiva indicate?

infection

what is corneal arcus?

grayish opaque ring around the cornea

what is impacted with diabetic retionopathy?

the veins more than arteries

what does diabetic retinopathy present with?

microaneurysms, hard exudates and neovascularization

what is ectropion?

eyelid is turned outward

what is entropion?

lid is turned inward

what population is ectotropin and entropion commonly seen in?

elderly

what is exophthalmosis?

lid lag/failure to cover eyeball

what is bilateral exophthalmosis seen in?

graves disease

what is unilateral exophalmosis seen with?

tumor

what is glaucoma?

increased intraocular pressure causing cupping of the optic disc

what will patients notice with glaucoma?

blurring of the vision especially in peripheral fields as well as rings around lights

when is crescent sign present in glaucoma?

it will be presnet upon tangential lighting of cornea

what is hordoleum (sty)?

an infection of he sebaceous glands causing a pimple or boil on the eyelid

what is horner’s syndrome?

ptosis, miosis and anhydrosis on the same side as an interruption to cervical sympathetics

what is hypertensive retionopathy?

damage to the retinal vessels

what is seen with hypertensive retinopathy?

copper wire deformity, silver wire deformity, AV nicking, flame hemorrhages and cotton wool soft exudates

what is internal ophthalmoplegia?

dilated pupil with ptosis and lateral deviation

what is true of internal ophthalmoplegia ?

does not react to light or accommodation

what condition is internal opthalmoplegia seen in?

multiple sclerosis

what is iritis/uveitis?

inflammation of iris

what is iritis/uveitis seen with?

ankylosing spondylitis

what is the most common reason for blindness in elderly?

macular degeneration

what vision loss is seen with macular degeneration?

central

what is an early sign of macular degeneration?

macular drusen

what is macular drusen?

yellow deposits under retina

what is miosis?

fixed and constricted pupils that react to light and accomodate

what is miosis seen with?

severe brain damage, pilocarpine medications and narcotic use

what is mydriasis?

dilated and fixed pupils seen with anticholinergic drugs

what is the aka for papilledema?

choked disc

what is papilledema?

swelling of the optic disc due to increased intracranial pressure

what is true with papilledema?

NO vision loss

what may papilledeman be seen with?

brain tumor or hemorrhage

what is periorbital edema?

swelling around the eye

what is periorbital edema seen with?

allergies, myxedema and nephrotic syndrome

what is pinquecula?

a yellowish triangular nodule in the bulbar conjunctiva that is harmless and indicates aging

what is pterygium?

triangular thickening of the bulbar conjuctivia that grows across the cornea that is brought on by dry eyes

what is ptosis?

drooping of eyelid

what conditions is ptosis seen in?

horner’s syndrome, CN3 paralysis, myasthenia gravis, MS

what is retinal detatchment?

painless sudden onset of blindness described as curtains closing over vision

what is seen prior to retinal detatchment?

lightning flashes and floaters

what does white sclera indicate?

normal

what does yellow sclera indicate?

jaundice

what does blue sclera indicate?

osteogenesis imperfecta

what is xanthelasma?

fatty plaques on the nasal surface of the eyelids that may be normal or indicated hypercholesterolemia

what is emmetropia?

normal vision

what is myopia?

nearsighted vision

what is hyperopia?

farsighted vision

what is presbyopia?

loss of lens elasticity due to aging

what does direct light reflex test?

CN 2 and 3

what does consensual light reflex test?

CN 2 & 3

what does swinging light test test?

CN 2, 3 and eye pathology

what cranial nerves are test with accommodation?

2 and 3

how is visual acuity tested?

snellen chart

what cranial nerves are tested with cardinal fields of gaze?

3, 4, 6

when looking down and in with cardinal field of gaze, which nerve is being tested?

CN 4

when looking directly to the side with cardinal field of gaze, which nerve is being tested?

CN 6

what is the aka for exophthalmosis?

lid lag