ICT Terminologies and Computer Systems flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering ICT terminologies, hardware components, networking, data management, and file extensions based on the lecture material.

Computer

An electronic device for performing arithmetic and logic operations such as storage, retrieval, manipulation and processing in binary form.

Ram

Random Access Memory. Is used as a short-term memory storage for a computer's central processing unit(CPU).

Hardware

The collection of physical parts of a computer system which includes external case, monitor, keyboard, internal hard disk, motherboard memory, etc.

Software

A generic term for organized collections of computer data and instructions, categorized into system software for basic non-task specific functions and application software for specific tasks.

Application program

A computer program designed to perform a group of coordinated functions, tasks, or activities for the benefit of the user.

Computer Program

A collection of instructions that performs a specific task when executed by a computer.

Operating System

System software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.

Cloud Computing

The practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server of a personal computer.

Virtualization

The creation of a virtual rather than actual version of something, such as an operating system, a server, a storage device application or network resources.

Network

A set of computers connected together using switches, routers and cables or wireless for the purpose of sharing resources and collaboration.

Internet

A global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocol.

Domain

A group of computers and devices on a network that are administered as a single unit with common rules and procedures within a DNS name space.

Cat5/Cat6

Type of twisted pair cable standard used specifically in gigabit Ethernet-based computer network for implementing cabling infrastructure.

ISP

Internet Service Provider is a company that sells and supports Internet links.

Wireless frequencies

Devices communicate using radio waves mostly in the $2.4\,GHz$ and $5\,GHz$ frequency band.

IP Address

A unique string of numbers separated by periods or dots that identifies each computer using the Internet Protocol to communicate over a network.

Firewall

A device or software usually located at the edge of a network that protects the network or system from unauthorised access and security threats.

Router

A networking device (hardware or software) that forwards or routes data packets between computer networks.

Network Switch

A networking device that connects all other network devices in a computer network together using packet switching.

Modem

A device that modulates or transforms one or more carrier wave signals during transmission such as analogue signals to digital signals and vice versa.

Domain Name Service (DNS)

A hierarchical decentralised naming system used by devices for resolving IP addresses to NETBIOS hostnames or website addresses.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

A communication protocol for assigning multiple IP Addresses to network devices automatically.

CPU

The component of a computer system that controls the interpretation and execution of the instruction, often referred to as the brain.

CPU Speed

The number of calculations a processor can perform in one second; for example, a $500\,MHz$ CPU performs about $500,000,000$ calculations per second.

ICT

Information and communication Technology referring to manufacturing and services industries that capture, transmit and display data and information electronically.

Browser

A software program that retrieves web pages that are saved on the web server using different languages such as HTML, CSS, Java, and ActiveX.

UPS

Uninterrupted Power Supply is electrical equipment that provides emergency power supply for a brief moment to a device during a power outage.

Local Area Network (LAN)

A network confined within a building or office, usually in a peer-to-peer or domain setup.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Formed when LANs are connected to each other without typical direct connection, such as the Internet.

Visibility (Data Management)

Increases the visibility of organization data assets, making it easier for people to find the right data for their analysis.

Reliability (Data Management)

Minimizes potential errors by establishing processes and policies for usage and building trust in the data used for decisions.

Security (Data Management)

Protects an organization and its employees from data losses, thefts, and breaches with authentication and encryption tools.

Scalability (Data Management)

Allows organizations to effectively scale data and usage occasions with repeatable processes to keep data and metadata up to date.

Form Factor

A term referring to the difference in size, shape, and layout of various motherboards.

.csv

Comma separated value file extension used for data and database files.

.exe

Executable file extension used for computer programs.