PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Photosynthesis formula

Carbon dioxide + water + sunlight → glucose + oxygen (6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂)

Location of photosynthesis

Takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells.

Pigment that captures light energy

Chlorophyll—it gives plants their green color.

Organisms that perform photosynthesis

Plants, algae, and some bacteria (autotrophs).

Importance of photosynthesis

It produces glucose for energy and oxygen for aerobic life.

Raw materials of photosynthesis

Carbon dioxide and water.

Products of photosynthesis

Glucose (sugar) and oxygen.

When does photosynthesis occur?

Only during daylight, because it needs sunlight.

How does carbon dioxide enter the plant?

Through the stomata in the leaves.

Main purpose of photosynthesis

To make glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) for the plant’s energy.

Cellular respiration formula

Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP) (C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP)

Where does cellular respiration happen?

In the mitochondria of all eukaryotic cells.

Purpose of cellular respiration

To convert glucose into ATP, the usable energy for cells.

Types of cellular respiration

Aerobic (uses oxygen) and anaerobic (does not use oxygen).

Which type of respiration makes more energy?

Aerobic respiration makes 36 ATP per glucose, while anaerobic makes only 2 ATP.

Products of aerobic respiration

Carbon dioxide, water, and 36 ATP.

Products of anaerobic respiration in humans

Lactic acid and 2 ATP — happens in muscles during intense activity.

Products of anaerobic respiration in yeast

Alcohol, CO₂, and 2 ATP — used in baking and brewing.

Organisms that do cellular respiration

All organisms—plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, etc.

Opposite process of photosynthesis

Cellular respiration — it breaks down glucose, not builds it.