HDFS 145 Quizlet exam 3

Positional power

Power based on role or status.

Relational power

Power that shifts based on interaction.

Common areas of conflict for couples

Sex, money, values, time together, household responsibilities, family (in-laws).

Competing conflict style

A style where one party seeks to win at the expense of the other.

Accommodating conflict style

Putting others' needs over one's own.

Avoiding conflict style

Choosing not to engage in conflict.

Compromising conflict style

Creating a middle ground, both parties make concessions for a mutually acceptable solution.

Gottman's Four Horseman

Contempt, criticism, stonewall, defensiveness; Contempt is the greatest indicator of the end of the relationship.

Effective communication

Agreement between verbal messages (the content/'what' of message) and nonverbal messages (the relations; or 'how' of message).

Personal power

Power based on personal attributes.

Collaborating conflict style

Focuses on fully addressing all parties' concerns through open discussion, aiming for a win-win solution that fosters long-term satisfaction.

Healthy ways of managing conflict

Take a partner's feelings into consideration, listen, stay calm and breathe, avoid blame, taking a walk, discussing problems, self-soothing.

Frequency of dual-income households

Stable from the late 90s to the late 2010s - about 52-58%.

Time poverty

Not having enough time to do everything.

Mental load

Invisible labor behind the scenes that manages the household.

Impacts of division of labor

Employed women have and exert more power; when men do more household labor, women feel more satisfied; egalitarian couples have more frequent and satisfying sexual relationships.

Shared/joint finances

Completely shared, everything in one account, all expenses come from shared account.

Split finances

Completely separate, everything in separate accounts; Partner 1 pays for some things and Partner 2 pays for others.

Equal splitting

Money for shared expenses (rent, utilities, etc.) goes into shared account, other money goes into separate accounts, expenses split 50/50.

Percentage of income

If Partner 1 makes 65% of income, they pay for 65% of expenses and vice versa - more equitable than equal splitting.

Variable Expenses

Costs that fluctuate monthly.

Fixed Expenses

Costs that remain constant each month.

Relationship Violence

Abuse characterized by power and control dynamics.

Survivors of Violence

Individuals needing support to escape abusive situations.

Individualistic Explanations

Violence linked to personal mental health issues.

Ecological Model

Cultural acceptance of violence influences family dynamics.

Feminist Model

Gender inequality fosters violence in relationships.

Social Exchange Theory

Violence occurs when perceived costs are low.

Power and Control Wheel

Framework illustrating tactics used in abuse.

Physical Abuse

Using threats or coercion to control a partner.

Emotional Abuse

Manipulation causing psychological harm or distress.

Economic Abuse

Controlling access to financial resources.

Isolation

Limiting partner's social interactions and support.

Intimate Partner Violence

Harm by a current or former partner.

Sexual Violence

Non-consensual sexual acts or contact.

Stalking

Repeated harassment causing fear or distress.

Neglect

Failure to provide adequate care and support.

Child Abuse

Intentional harm to a minor.

Situational Couple Violence

Violence arising during conflicts, often minor.

Intimate Terrorism

One partner seeks to dominate the other.

Mutual Violent Control

Both partners attempt to control each other violently.

Prevention Strategies

Actions to reduce risk of relationship violence.

Intervention Strategies

Actions taken to address and stop ongoing abuse.

Uncoupling

Process of separation from a partner.

Annulment

Legal declaration that marriage never existed.

Fault-Based Divorce

Divorce where one spouse blames the other.

No Fault Divorce

Divorce without assigning blame to either party.

Alimony

Financial support paid to a former spouse.

Child Support

Payments to assist with child-rearing expenses.

Impact of Divorce on Women

Often leads to increased self-confidence and opportunities.

Impact of Divorce on Men

Commonly results in psychological distress and unhappiness.

Children's Reaction to Divorce

May blame themselves or parents, showing varied emotions.

Adolescents and Divorce

Often experience trauma and may distance from parents.

High conflict relationships

Children fare better when parents divorce.

Initial crisis

Stressful period post-separation with escalating conflict.

Transition aftermath

Emotional responses lessen; family restructures after a year.

Restabilization

Regular changes in daily life from year 1 to 5.

Sole custody

One parent has complete custody of children.

Joint physical custody

Children alternate living between both parents' homes.

Joint legal custody

Parents jointly make important decisions for children.

Combined custody

Includes both joint legal and physical custody.

Split custody

Each child lives with a different parent.

Divorce statistics

35-45% of first marriages end in divorce.

Initiators of divorce

Those suggesting divorce; more likely to remarry.

Non-initiators of divorce

Did not want divorce; less likely to remarry.

Emotional divorce

Disengagement from the marriage by one or both spouses.

Legal divorce

Court-ordered termination of a marriage.

Economic divorce

Division of property, money, and resources.

Coparental divorce

Issues of child custody, visitation, and support.

Community divorce

Managing relationships with ex-in-laws and friends.

Psychic divorce

Feeling like a separate individual post-marriage.

Single-parent families

Often headed by women; face higher poverty risk.

Creation of single-parent families

Results from unmarried births, divorce, or death.

Transitional single-parent families

Exist for a short duration post-separation.

Intentional single-parent families

Choose to raise children independently.

Remarriage odds

Men remarry more; women's odds decrease with age.

Social father

Male figure acting as a father to children.

Binuclear family

Two nuclear families formed post-divorce.

Subsystems of binuclear families

Includes former spouses, coparents, and stepfamilies.

Benefits of blended families

More role models and potential economic improvement.

Developmental stages for stepfamilies

Process takes about seven years to complete.

Early stage: Fantasy

New stepparents expect instant love from stepchildren.

Middle stage: Mobilization

Family members recognize differences and resolve conflicts.

Later stage: Resolution

Family solidifies, overcoming earlier conflicts.

Young children's experience

May feel guilt about new relationships post-divorce.

Preteens' experience

Seek independence; may resent stepparents.

Teens' experience

Resent changes; may struggle with new responsibilities.