11, liquids, solids and intramollecular forces

attractive potential energies become equal or greater than thermal kinetic energies

a condensed phase will exist if the temp is cold enough that

attractive potential energies

what forces are important in condensed phase

higher density, more ordered

what does closer distances mean

intermolecular

what are the forces that cause condensed phases

primairy force within, strong, affects properties

traits of intramolecular forces

secondary force, weak, affects physical properties

traits of intermolecular forces

ion and opposing end of dipole

ion dipole attraction

ion

species with a net charge

dipole

charge seperation (positve and negative end) in a polar molecule

dipole in a normally nonpolar molecule, caused by nearby ion or dipole

induced dipole

opposing ends of neighboring dipoles

dipole dipole attraction

more polar

what makes a dipole dipole attractoin higher

intramolecular forces increase

what occurs as dipole increases

melting point and boiling point increase

as intramolecular forces increases what occurs

lone pair of O N F and H atom

hydrogen bonding

molecuar orientation effects

what is stronger in condensed phases because of hydrogen bonding

london dispersion

only intermolecular attraction betwen nonpolar molecules

london dispersion

what is the only reason non polar molecules can exist as condensed phase

electrons attracted to nuclei in other molecule

what is the attraction in london dispersion

heavier moleucles, higher surface area

what molecules will have stronger london dispersion forces

viscosity

the resistance of liquid to flow

intermolecular forces

what is the strnegth of viscosity proportional to

intermolecular forces due to enhanced self attraction

what is viscosity strength proportional to

vapour pressure

the partial pressure of liquids vapour in the air due to an evaporation equilibrium

inversely to intermolecular forces

what is vapour pressure proportional to

equilibirum

if liquid in closed container, what will its vapour pressure rise to

boiling point

the T at which pressure vapour has rised to match external pressure

intermolecular forces

what is boiling point proportional to

higher attraction

what does higher boiling point temperature mean

fixed position

what positions are molecules or ions in in solid state

ionic solid

what type of bonds has high EN

metallic solid

what type of bond has low EN

covalent solid

what type of bond has EN

electronegativity

what does bond type depend on

ionic solid

regular crystallline array of cations and anions held together by ionic bonding

metallic solids

network of low en nuclei in a regular crystaline array

low

what is electric conductivity of ionic solids

high

what is electrical conductivity of metallic solids

Nacl, Cuso4

example of ionic solids

Au, bronze, brass

example of metallic solids

covalent network solids

network of high electronegativity nuclei in a regular crystalline array

pure carbon, polymers

example of covalent network solids

covalent molecular solids

individual molecules with intermolecular forces holding them in place

low

what is electric conductivity of covalent moleculare solids

ice, dry ice

example of covalent molecular solids